Random Review SYSTEM INTERACTIONS Flashcards
1
Q
How do age-related changes in body composition affect absorption of medication?
A
A decrease in lean body mass and an increase in the proportion of body fat results in a decrease in body water. As a result, water-soluble drugs have a lower volume of distribution, which speeds up onset of action and raises peak concentration
2
Q
What does insulin shock cause?
A
Hunger, no fever present
3
Q
Does renal failure cause a fever?
A
No
4
Q
Signs of sepsis
A
Fever and confusion
5
Q
Symptoms of ulcerative colitis includes
A
mild to moderate anorexia and weight loss, abdominal pain, and skin rashes
6
Q
Celiac disease
A
- an intolerance for gluten
- Initially, the condition is characterized by
= weight loss
= abdominal bloating
= weakness
= diarrhea
7
Q
Symptoms of anorexia
A
- Proximal muscle weakness
- swelling of the hands and feet
- clubbing of the fingers
8
Q
Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include
A
abdominal pain and bloating
9
Q
When communicating with a person who has difficulty speaking, physical therapists should
A
intensify their listening skills and provide feedback to the individual to indicate understanding
10
Q
Clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus
A
- Skin rashes
- fever
- fatigue
- malaise
- photosensitivity
- dyspnea
- cough
- peripheral neuropathies
11
Q
Why would stretching be contraindicated for rheumatoid arthritis?
A
Soft tissue structures may be weakened by the rheumatic process, and stretching would increase risk of injury to the tissues
12
Q
How is anemia related to chronic kidney failure?
A
decreased
- erythropoietin production
- red blood cell lifespan
- iron absorption
13
Q
Polycythemia
A
a myeloproliferative disorder in which bone marrow stem cells produce excessive red blood cells
14
Q
Leukopenia
A
- reduction of leukocytes
- can occur in many forms of bone marrow failure such as after chemotherapy or radiation
- can occur as a result of severe infections and autoimmune diseases
15
Q
Neutropenia
A
- can be congenital or acquired
- associated with decreased circulating neutrophiles.
- Acquired neutropenia may be caused by medications, infectious agents, and carcinomas
16
Q
Polymyalgia rheumatica typical clinical presentation
A
- muscle aching and stiffness
- low-grade fever
- weakness
- fatigue
- malaise
- possible headache, weight loss, depression, or vision changes.
- It is not necessarily associated with a recent illness
17
Q
Complex regional pain syndrome is characterized by
A
an exaggerated response to injury in a limb, with intense prolonged pain, vasomotor disturbance, delayed functional recovery, and trophic changes
18
Q
clinical history consistent with a liver disorder
A
- bilateral asterixis (flapping tremor)
- long-term alcohol abuse
- right shoulder pain unchanged with movement
19
Q
Reiter syndrome
A
Presents with
- asymmetrical extremity arthritis
- conjunctivitis
- urethritis
20
Q
Psoriatic arthritis
A
Characterized by
- scaly
- red patches on the skin
21
Q
Osteomyelitis
A
Inflammation of bone due to an infectious organism, usually bacteria
22
Q
Signs of osteomyelitis
A
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased
- C-reactive protein levels increased
Both due to infection
23
Q
Usual age of onset for ankylosing spondylitis
A
Gradual onset before age 40
24
Q
Will ankylosing spondylitis produce a fever?
A
No
25
Will ankylosing spondylitis show inflammation, ossification, or both?
Ossification, not inflammation
26
What lab value helps confirm a kidney stone diagnosis?
Blood urea nitrogen
27
What is cholecystitis?
Gall bladder inflammation
28
Symptoms of cholecystitis
- R upper quadrant abdominal pain
- Pain can refer to R shoulder
- Pain worsens after a meal
29
Factors that can delay wound healing
- Malnutrition
- Low BMI
- Obesity
- Glucocorticoids
- Anticoagulants
- 65+
- Poor circulation
- Edema
- Stress
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol
30
Underweight BMI
<18.5
31
Normal BMI
18.5-24.9
32
Overweight BMI
25-29.9
33
Obesity Class 1 BMI
30-34.9
34
Obesity Class 2 BMI
35-39.9
35
Extreme Obesity (Class 3) BMI
40+
36
Use for burst mode alternating current
- AKA Russian protocol
- Muscle strengthening
37
use for neuromuscular electrical nerve stimulation
Muscle strengthening
38
Use for interferential current
Pain control
39
Use for high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC)
Wound healing
40
Risk factors for kidney failure
- Diabetes
- High BP
41
Table/desk heights as dictated by the Americans w/ Disabilities Act
- 28-34 inches
- Knee clearance minimum of 27 inches
42
Standard wheelchair seat-to-floor height
18-20 inches
43
Stress fractures and radiographs
Radiography does not typically show a stress fracture until healing has begun
44
Pain associated with tendinitis characteristics
- Reproduced w/ ROM
- Cold modalities relieve pain
45
Fosamax is a medication used to treat what condition?
- Loss of bone mineral density for osteoporosis
- Patients should stay upright for up to an hour after taking to ensure proper absorption (so timing is important)
46
Would Fosamax be used for osteopenia?
No, osteopenia is usually managed via lifestyle changes
47
Crestor is a medication used to treat what condition?
High cholesterol
48
When should informed consent be done?
After examination, before treatment
49
Why is informed consent given after the exam?
We have to be able to provide the following:
- Diagnosis or problem
- Recommended treatment
- Anticipated benefits of treatment
- Risk or potential side effects from treatment
- Alternatives to recommended treatment
50
Contraindications for continuous ultrasound
- Over abdomen or back of pregnant woman
- In the area of active bone growth, bleeding, DVT, acute injury or inflammation, or cancer
- Pt w/ impaired circulation, sensation, or cognition
- Pacemaker
- Over eyes, genitals, or anterior neck
51
Signs and symptoms of AIDS
- Fever
- Chills
- Night sweats
- Swollen lymph glands
- Weight loss
- Muscle weakness
- Skin lesions
- Dementia
- Gait disturbances
- Opportunistic infections and cancers
- NO SENSORY LOSS EXPECTED
52
laser therapy and endocrine glands
Laser should NOT be applied over endocrine glands
53
laser therapy and sensory deficits
A patient with diabetic neuropathy can receive laser treatment if thermal sensation is intact and the person can report discomfort during laser application
54
What is Barrett's disease?
- Flat, pink lining of the esophagus becomes damaged by acid reflux
- Lining becomes red and thickens
55
How long may an adult patient be physically restrained in the hospital for safety at the max?
4 hours
56
Criterion validity
Examines whether the results accurately measure the concrete outcome they are designed to measure
57
Content validity
- Determines if a measure has all of the components needed to assess the construct it aims to measure
- Determines if it excludes aspects that are not relevant
58
Concurrent validity
- Type of criterion validity
- Test outcome compared w/ the "gold standard" at the same time
59
Predictive validity
- Type of criterion validity
- Compares the test outcome w/ a "gold standard" reference at a later period in time
60
Discriminant validity
- Type of construct validity
- Comparison of score of one measure to another
- Looking to see that the measures do not correlate
61
What is a lipoma?
A benign tumor consisting of fatty tissue
62
Characteristics of lipoma
- Soft
- Round
- Slow-growing
- Able to be moved under the skin when palpated
63
Clinical significance of lipoma
- Unknown cause
- No immediate danger
64
A patient w/ celiac disease is at risk for developing what condition(s)?
- Osteoporosis
- Pathologic compression fractures
This is due to malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D
65
How would walking on a treadmill benefit patients w/ celiac disease?
Promotes WB and increases bone remodeling
66
Cluster sampling
- Larger samples are divided into clusters
- Clusters are randomly chosen, and subjects are randomly chosen from the cluster
67
Stratified sampling
- Divides subjects into non-overlapping strata
- Subjects are then randomly chosen from each stratum
68
cluster vs stratified sampling
Stratified sampling
- AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC DDDDD (choose a certain # from each of these groups)
Cluster sampling
- ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE (choose two of these groups)
69
Potential Signs of Child Abuse
Frequent bone fractures
Frequent emergency room visits
Rib fractures
Abnormal burn patterns
Malnutrition
70
Primary prevention
Treatment to reduce or modify risk factors for individuals without documented disease
71
Secondary prevention
Designed to promote early detection of disease to employ preventive measures to avoid further complications
72
Tertiary prevention
Limits the impact of established disease
73
Wearing-off phenomenon
the decline of symptoms toward the end of the medication time effectiveness
74
On-off phenomenon
- abrupt random fluctuations in motor performance and response
- Performance can fluctuate throughout the medication cycle and is not specific to the end of effectiveness time frame
75
Best timing for receiving dialysis?
The day after dialysis
76
Bladder training
- A treatment for mixed incontinence, stress incontinence, and overactive bladder
- 3 components
> Pt ed on urgency-suppression strategies
> Scheduling a voiding regimen
> Positive reinforcement by the therapist
77
Clinical presentation of tuberculosis
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Fever
- Unexplained weight loss
78
Rhinovirus
The common cold
79
Considerations taking BP w/ patients receiving dialysis
Taking BP in the arm with the AV fistula is contraindicated
80
Where can the diaphragm refer pain?
- To the L shoulder and collarbone region
- Due to the common connection b/t the phrenic nerve and it coming from the C3-C4 spinal nerves
- Increased pressure on the diaphragm in supine can increase pressure on phrenic nerve
81
Where can the stomach refer pain?
Upper left-central abdomen and lower ribs
82
What can happen as a result of the interaction b/t ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs?
Hypertension
83
Signs and Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Vaginal bleeding and discharge
- Pain or burning during urination
- Pain during intercourse
- Pain during menstruation
- Back or pelvic pain (moderate or severe)
- Being an infection, it can cause constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea/vomiting
- If it progresses, it can cause scarring in pelvic organs, leading to chronic pain
- Damage/scarring of Fallopian tubes can lead to infertility
- One episode of PID increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy 7x
84
What is a major distinguishing factor b/t OA and RA?
Fatigue, or other constitution symptoms
85
Pain presentation w/ kidney failure
- Joint pain
- Myopathy
- Dry, red eyes
86
Incidents required to be reported to outside administrative bodies for inspection
An "adverse event" is defined as an event over which health care personnel could exercise control, and which is associated in whole or in part with medical intervention, rather than the condition for which intervention occurred, and which results in one of the following injuries:
- death
- brain/spinal damage
- performance of a surgical procedure on the wrong patient
- performance of a wrong-site surgical procedure
- performance of medically unnecessary surgery
- performance of surgery to remove unplanned foreign objects remaining from surgical procedure
- permanent disfigurement
- fracture or dislocation of bones/joints
