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NPTE > Random Review SYSTEM INTERACTIONS > Flashcards

Random Review SYSTEM INTERACTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

How do age-related changes in body composition affect absorption of medication?

A

A decrease in lean body mass and an increase in the proportion of body fat results in a decrease in body water. As a result, water-soluble drugs have a lower volume of distribution, which speeds up onset of action and raises peak concentration

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2
Q

What does insulin shock cause?

A

Hunger, no fever present

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3
Q

Does renal failure cause a fever?

A

No

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4
Q

Signs of sepsis

A

Fever and confusion

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5
Q

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis includes

A

mild to moderate anorexia and weight loss, abdominal pain, and skin rashes

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6
Q

Celiac disease

A
  • an intolerance for gluten
  • Initially, the condition is characterized by
    = weight loss
    = abdominal bloating
    = weakness
    = diarrhea
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7
Q

Symptoms of anorexia

A
  • Proximal muscle weakness
  • swelling of the hands and feet
  • clubbing of the fingers
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8
Q

Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include

A

abdominal pain and bloating

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9
Q

When communicating with a person who has difficulty speaking, physical therapists should

A

intensify their listening skills and provide feedback to the individual to indicate understanding

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10
Q

Clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus

A
  • Skin rashes
  • fever
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • photosensitivity
  • dyspnea
  • cough
  • peripheral neuropathies
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11
Q

Why would stretching be contraindicated for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Soft tissue structures may be weakened by the rheumatic process, and stretching would increase risk of injury to the tissues

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12
Q

How is anemia related to chronic kidney failure?

A

decreased
- erythropoietin production
- red blood cell lifespan
- iron absorption

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13
Q

Polycythemia

A

a myeloproliferative disorder in which bone marrow stem cells produce excessive red blood cells

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14
Q

Leukopenia

A
  • reduction of leukocytes
  • can occur in many forms of bone marrow failure such as after chemotherapy or radiation
  • can occur as a result of severe infections and autoimmune diseases
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15
Q

Neutropenia

A
  • can be congenital or acquired
  • associated with decreased circulating neutrophiles.
  • Acquired neutropenia may be caused by medications, infectious agents, and carcinomas
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16
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica typical clinical presentation

A
  • muscle aching and stiffness
  • low-grade fever
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • possible headache, weight loss, depression, or vision changes.
  • It is not necessarily associated with a recent illness
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17
Q

Complex regional pain syndrome is characterized by

A

an exaggerated response to injury in a limb, with intense prolonged pain, vasomotor disturbance, delayed functional recovery, and trophic changes

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18
Q

clinical history consistent with a liver disorder

A
  • bilateral asterixis (flapping tremor)
  • long-term alcohol abuse
  • right shoulder pain unchanged with movement
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19
Q

Reiter syndrome

A

Presents with
- asymmetrical extremity arthritis
- conjunctivitis
- urethritis

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20
Q

Psoriatic arthritis

A

Characterized by
- scaly
- red patches on the skin

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21
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone due to an infectious organism, usually bacteria

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22
Q

Signs of osteomyelitis

A
  • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased
  • C-reactive protein levels increased

Both due to infection

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23
Q

Usual age of onset for ankylosing spondylitis

A

Gradual onset before age 40

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24
Q

Will ankylosing spondylitis produce a fever?

A

No

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25
Q

Will ankylosing spondylitis show inflammation, ossification, or both?

A

Ossification, not inflammation

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26
Q

What lab value helps confirm a kidney stone diagnosis?

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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27
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Gall bladder inflammation

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28
Q

Symptoms of cholecystitis

A
  • R upper quadrant abdominal pain
  • Pain can refer to R shoulder
  • Pain worsens after a meal
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29
Q

Factors that can delay wound healing

A
  • Malnutrition
  • Low BMI
  • Obesity
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Anticoagulants
  • 65+
  • Poor circulation
  • Edema
  • Stress
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol
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30
Q

Underweight BMI

A

<18.5

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31
Q

Normal BMI

A

18.5-24.9

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32
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

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33
Q

Obesity Class 1 BMI

A

30-34.9

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34
Q

Obesity Class 2 BMI

A

35-39.9

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35
Q

Extreme Obesity (Class 3) BMI

A

40+

36
Q

Use for burst mode alternating current

A
  • AKA Russian protocol
  • Muscle strengthening
37
Q

use for neuromuscular electrical nerve stimulation

A

Muscle strengthening

38
Q

Use for interferential current

A

Pain control

39
Q

Use for high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC)

A

Wound healing

40
Q

Risk factors for kidney failure

A
  • Diabetes
  • High BP
41
Q

Table/desk heights as dictated by the Americans w/ Disabilities Act

A
  • 28-34 inches
  • Knee clearance minimum of 27 inches
42
Q

Standard wheelchair seat-to-floor height

A

18-20 inches

43
Q

Stress fractures and radiographs

A

Radiography does not typically show a stress fracture until healing has begun

44
Q

Pain associated with tendinitis characteristics

A
  • Reproduced w/ ROM
  • Cold modalities relieve pain
45
Q

Fosamax is a medication used to treat what condition?

A
  • Loss of bone mineral density for osteoporosis
  • Patients should stay upright for up to an hour after taking to ensure proper absorption (so timing is important)
46
Q

Would Fosamax be used for osteopenia?

A

No, osteopenia is usually managed via lifestyle changes

47
Q

Crestor is a medication used to treat what condition?

A

High cholesterol

48
Q

When should informed consent be done?

A

After examination, before treatment

49
Q

Why is informed consent given after the exam?

A

We have to be able to provide the following:
- Diagnosis or problem
- Recommended treatment
- Anticipated benefits of treatment
- Risk or potential side effects from treatment
- Alternatives to recommended treatment

50
Q

Contraindications for continuous ultrasound

A
  • Over abdomen or back of pregnant woman
  • In the area of active bone growth, bleeding, DVT, acute injury or inflammation, or cancer
  • Pt w/ impaired circulation, sensation, or cognition
  • Pacemaker
  • Over eyes, genitals, or anterior neck
51
Q

Signs and symptoms of AIDS

A
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Night sweats
  • Swollen lymph glands
  • Weight loss
  • Muscle weakness
  • Skin lesions
  • Dementia
  • Gait disturbances
  • Opportunistic infections and cancers
  • NO SENSORY LOSS EXPECTED
52
Q

laser therapy and endocrine glands

A

Laser should NOT be applied over endocrine glands

53
Q

laser therapy and sensory deficits

A

A patient with diabetic neuropathy can receive laser treatment if thermal sensation is intact and the person can report discomfort during laser application

54
Q

What is Barrett’s disease?

A
  • Flat, pink lining of the esophagus becomes damaged by acid reflux
  • Lining becomes red and thickens
55
Q

How long may an adult patient be physically restrained in the hospital for safety at the max?

A

4 hours

56
Q

Criterion validity

A

Examines whether the results accurately measure the concrete outcome they are designed to measure

57
Q

Content validity

A
  • Determines if a measure has all of the components needed to assess the construct it aims to measure
  • Determines if it excludes aspects that are not relevant
58
Q

Concurrent validity

A
  • Type of criterion validity
  • Test outcome compared w/ the “gold standard” at the same time
59
Q

Predictive validity

A
  • Type of criterion validity
  • Compares the test outcome w/ a “gold standard” reference at a later period in time
60
Q

Discriminant validity

A
  • Type of construct validity
  • Comparison of score of one measure to another
  • Looking to see that the measures do not correlate
61
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

A benign tumor consisting of fatty tissue

62
Q

Characteristics of lipoma

A
  • Soft
  • Round
  • Slow-growing
  • Able to be moved under the skin when palpated
63
Q

Clinical significance of lipoma

A
  • Unknown cause
  • No immediate danger
64
Q

A patient w/ celiac disease is at risk for developing what condition(s)?

A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pathologic compression fractures

This is due to malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D

65
Q

How would walking on a treadmill benefit patients w/ celiac disease?

A

Promotes WB and increases bone remodeling

66
Q

Cluster sampling

A
  • Larger samples are divided into clusters
  • Clusters are randomly chosen, and subjects are randomly chosen from the cluster
67
Q

Stratified sampling

A
  • Divides subjects into non-overlapping strata
  • Subjects are then randomly chosen from each stratum
68
Q

cluster vs stratified sampling

A

Stratified sampling
- AAAAA BBBBB CCCCC DDDDD (choose a certain # from each of these groups)
Cluster sampling
- ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE (choose two of these groups)

69
Q

Potential Signs of Child Abuse

A

Frequent bone fractures
Frequent emergency room visits
Rib fractures
Abnormal burn patterns
Malnutrition

70
Q

Primary prevention

A

Treatment to reduce or modify risk factors for individuals without documented disease

71
Q

Secondary prevention

A

Designed to promote early detection of disease to employ preventive measures to avoid further complications

72
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Limits the impact of established disease

73
Q

Wearing-off phenomenon

A

the decline of symptoms toward the end of the medication time effectiveness

74
Q

On-off phenomenon

A
  • abrupt random fluctuations in motor performance and response
  • Performance can fluctuate throughout the medication cycle and is not specific to the end of effectiveness time frame
75
Q

Best timing for receiving dialysis?

A

The day after dialysis

76
Q

Bladder training

A
  • A treatment for mixed incontinence, stress incontinence, and overactive bladder
  • 3 components
    > Pt ed on urgency-suppression strategies
    > Scheduling a voiding regimen
    > Positive reinforcement by the therapist
77
Q

Clinical presentation of tuberculosis

A
  • Cough
  • Dyspnea
  • Fever
  • Unexplained weight loss
78
Q

Rhinovirus

A

The common cold

79
Q

Considerations taking BP w/ patients receiving dialysis

A

Taking BP in the arm with the AV fistula is contraindicated

80
Q

Where can the diaphragm refer pain?

A
  • To the L shoulder and collarbone region
  • Due to the common connection b/t the phrenic nerve and it coming from the C3-C4 spinal nerves
  • Increased pressure on the diaphragm in supine can increase pressure on phrenic nerve
81
Q

Where can the stomach refer pain?

A

Upper left-central abdomen and lower ribs

82
Q

What can happen as a result of the interaction b/t ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs?

A

Hypertension

83
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A
  • Vaginal bleeding and discharge
  • Pain or burning during urination
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Pain during menstruation
  • Back or pelvic pain (moderate or severe)
  • Being an infection, it can cause constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea/vomiting
  • If it progresses, it can cause scarring in pelvic organs, leading to chronic pain
  • Damage/scarring of Fallopian tubes can lead to infertility
  • One episode of PID increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy 7x
84
Q

What is a major distinguishing factor b/t OA and RA?

A

Fatigue, or other constitution symptoms

85
Q

Pain presentation w/ kidney failure

A
  • Joint pain
  • Myopathy
  • Dry, red eyes
86
Q

Incidents required to be reported to outside administrative bodies for inspection

A

An “adverse event” is defined as an event over which health care personnel could exercise control, and which is associated in whole or in part with medical intervention, rather than the condition for which intervention occurred, and which results in one of the following injuries:
- death
- brain/spinal damage
- performance of a surgical procedure on the wrong patient
- performance of a wrong-site surgical procedure
- performance of medically unnecessary surgery
- performance of surgery to remove unplanned foreign objects remaining from surgical procedure
- permanent disfigurement
- fracture or dislocation of bones/joints

NPTE (75 decks)

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