Random Review GASTROINTESTINAL/GENITOURINARY

Question 1

Hiatal hernia

Answer 1

occurs when the upper part of your stomach bulges through the diaphragm

Question 2

What positions and/or movements are contraindicated with a hiatal hernia?

Answer 2

• Laying in supine
• Exercises that will rely on Valsalva

Question 3

What color will stool be when the liver cannot remove bilirubin from the blood?

Answer 3

Light color

Question 4

Asterixis

Answer 4

a clinical sign that describes the inability to maintain sustained posture with subsequent brief, shock-like, involuntary movements

Question 5

urinary calculi

Answer 5

kidney stones

Question 6

What causes the pain from urinary calculi?

Answer 6

from the ureter contracting in the attempt to dislodge the calculi

Question 7

Types of urinary incontinence

Answer 7

• Stress
• Urge
• Overflow
• Functional

Question 8

Stress urinary incontinence

Answer 8

Loss of urine due to activities that increase intraabdominal pressure

Question 9

Urge urinary incontinence

Answer 9

Loss of urine after a sudden, intense urge to void due to the detrusor muscle of the bladder involuntarily contracting during bladder filling

Question 10

Overflow urinary incontinence

Answer 10

Loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra’s capacity to remain closed due to urinary retention

Question 11

Functional urinary incontinence

Answer 11

Loss of urine due to the inability or unwillingness of a person to use the bathroom before involuntary bladder release

Question 12

What is the normal frequency for urinating?

Answer 12

6-8 times in a 24 hour period

Question 13

Foods to avoid w/ reflux

Answer 13

Chocolate
Peppermint
Alcohol
Caffeinated coffee
Fried/fatty foods

Question 14

What is the principal symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Answer 14

Heartburn

Question 15

Between Ibuprofen/motrin and accetaminophen/tylenol, which one is an NSAID?

Answer 15

Ibuprofen/motrin

Question 16

Where does pain originating from the kidneys refer to?

Answer 16

Ipsilateral flank and groin

Question 17

What should percussion to the kidneys sound like normally?

Answer 17

• A thud-like sound
• If the test produces a thud and the person feels no pain, the test result is negative for renal involvement

Question 18

Hematuria

Answer 18

• Blood in urine
• Symptom of renal or ureteric calculi (kidney stone)

Question 19

What is the gold standard for ID’ing a renal or ureteric calculi?

Answer 19

CT of the pelvis and abdomen

Question 20

Best initial test for GI symptoms such as persistent nausea or vomiting

Answer 20

Abdominal imaging such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI

Question 21

Symptoms of diverticulitis

Answer 21

• Pain in left lower quadrant in 70% of patients
• Presents w/ nausea, bloating, flatulence, bloody stools, and altered GI motility

Question 22

Conditions associated w/ polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 22

• Menstrual changes
• Infertility
• Obesity
• Insulin resistance
• Type II DM
• Heart disease
• Venous thromboembolism

Question 23

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Answer 23

• Profuse watery diarrhea w/ blood, mucus, and pus
• Abdominal pain
• Hematochezia

Question 24

Hematochezia

Answer 24

Bright red blood per rectum

Question 25

Which side should patients lay on w/ GERD?

Answer 25

L side

Question 26

Recommendations for patients w/ IBS

Answer 26

- Incorporate breathing exercises - Avoid Valsalva - Increase fiber intake - Exercise - Avoid milk/milk products if lactose intolerant

Question 27

Signs of a ruptured spleen

Answer 27

- Tachycardia - Hypotension - Tenderness in the L upper quadrant - Splenomegaly - Hemoperitoneum (cardinal sign)

Question 28

Splenomegaly

Answer 28

enlargement of the spleen

Question 29

Hemoperitoneum

Answer 29

- a type of internal bleeding in which blood gathers in your peritoneal cavity - Significant LUQ pain and rebound tenderness

Question 30

Kehr sign

Answer 30

- Left shoulder tenderness - Can be present due to irritation of the diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum and referred pain to C3-5 dermatomes

Question 31

Risk factors for gallstones

Answer 31

- Female gender - Age over 60 - Pregnancy - Hormone replacement therapy - Metabolic syndrome

Question 32

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 32

increased waist circumference high cholesterol high blood pressure high fasting blood glucose

Question 33

Tenderness at McBurney's point

Answer 33

Classic sign of acute appendicitis

Question 34

GI symptoms of acute appendicitis

Answer 34

- Nausea - Vomiting - Diarrhea

Question 35

General systemic symptoms of appendicitis

Answer 35

- Loss of appetite - Chills - Fever - Abdominal pain, can refer to low back

Question 36

Black, tarry stool indicates what?

Answer 36

- Bleeding somewhere in the GI tract - Commonly seen w/ a peptic ulcer or other GI bleed

Question 37

Symptoms of Endometriosis

Answer 37

Low back and pelvic pain Urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms Heavy menstrual bleeding Severe pain Spotting mid cycle Urinary urgency and frequency Pain with intercourse

Question 38

Enuresis

Answer 38

- involuntary urination at night - a primary sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children

Question 39

dysuria

Answer 39

pain with urination

Question 40

Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections

Answer 40

Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Nocturia Fever and chills Dysuria