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NPTE > Random Review GASTROINTESTINAL/GENITOURINARY > Flashcards

Random Review GASTROINTESTINAL/GENITOURINARY Flashcards

1
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

occurs when the upper part of your stomach bulges through the diaphragm

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2
Q

What positions and/or movements are contraindicated with a hiatal hernia?

A
  • Laying in supine
  • Exercises that will rely on Valsalva
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3
Q

What color will stool be when the liver cannot remove bilirubin from the blood?

A

Light color

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4
Q

Asterixis

A

a clinical sign that describes the inability to maintain sustained posture with subsequent brief, shock-like, involuntary movements

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5
Q

urinary calculi

A

kidney stones

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6
Q

What causes the pain from urinary calculi?

A

from the ureter contracting in the attempt to dislodge the calculi

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7
Q

Types of urinary incontinence

A
  • Stress
  • Urge
  • Overflow
  • Functional
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8
Q

Stress urinary incontinence

A

Loss of urine due to activities that increase intraabdominal pressure

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9
Q

Urge urinary incontinence

A

Loss of urine after a sudden, intense urge to void due to the detrusor muscle of the bladder involuntarily contracting during bladder filling

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10
Q

Overflow urinary incontinence

A

Loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra’s capacity to remain closed due to urinary retention

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11
Q

Functional urinary incontinence

A

Loss of urine due to the inability or unwillingness of a person to use the bathroom before involuntary bladder release

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12
Q

What is the normal frequency for urinating?

A

6-8 times in a 24 hour period

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13
Q

Foods to avoid w/ reflux

A

Chocolate
Peppermint
Alcohol
Caffeinated coffee
Fried/fatty foods

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14
Q

What is the principal symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease?

A

Heartburn

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15
Q

Between Ibuprofen/motrin and accetaminophen/tylenol, which one is an NSAID?

A

Ibuprofen/motrin

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16
Q

Where does pain originating from the kidneys refer to?

A

Ipsilateral flank and groin

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17
Q

What should percussion to the kidneys sound like normally?

A
  • A thud-like sound
  • If the test produces a thud and the person feels no pain, the test result is negative for renal involvement
18
Q

Hematuria

A
  • Blood in urine
  • Symptom of renal or ureteric calculi (kidney stone)
19
Q

What is the gold standard for ID’ing a renal or ureteric calculi?

A

CT of the pelvis and abdomen

20
Q

Best initial test for GI symptoms such as persistent nausea or vomiting

A

Abdominal imaging such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI

21
Q

Symptoms of diverticulitis

A
  • Pain in left lower quadrant in 70% of patients
  • Presents w/ nausea, bloating, flatulence, bloody stools, and altered GI motility
22
Q

Conditions associated w/ polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

A
  • Menstrual changes
  • Infertility
  • Obesity
  • Insulin resistance
  • Type II DM
  • Heart disease
  • Venous thromboembolism
23
Q

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A
  • Profuse watery diarrhea w/ blood, mucus, and pus
  • Abdominal pain
  • Hematochezia
24
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bright red blood per rectum

25
Q

Which side should patients lay on w/ GERD?

A

L side

26
Q

Recommendations for patients w/ IBS

A
  • Incorporate breathing exercises
  • Avoid Valsalva
  • Increase fiber intake
  • Exercise
  • Avoid milk/milk products if lactose intolerant
27
Q

Signs of a ruptured spleen

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Tenderness in the L upper quadrant
  • Splenomegaly
  • Hemoperitoneum (cardinal sign)
28
Q

Splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

29
Q

Hemoperitoneum

A
  • a type of internal bleeding in which blood gathers in your peritoneal cavity
  • Significant LUQ pain and rebound tenderness
30
Q

Kehr sign

A
  • Left shoulder tenderness
  • Can be present due to irritation of the diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum and referred pain to C3-5 dermatomes
31
Q

Risk factors for gallstones

A
  • Female gender
  • Age over 60
  • Pregnancy
  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • Metabolic syndrome
32
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

increased waist circumference
high cholesterol
high blood pressure
high fasting blood glucose

33
Q

Tenderness at McBurney’s point

A

Classic sign of acute appendicitis

34
Q

GI symptoms of acute appendicitis

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
35
Q

General systemic symptoms of appendicitis

A
  • Loss of appetite
  • Chills
  • Fever
  • Abdominal pain, can refer to low back
36
Q

Black, tarry stool indicates what?

A
  • Bleeding somewhere in the GI tract
  • Commonly seen w/ a peptic ulcer or other GI bleed
37
Q

Symptoms of Endometriosis

A

Low back and pelvic pain
Urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Severe pain
Spotting mid cycle
Urinary urgency and frequency
Pain with intercourse

38
Q

Enuresis

A
  • involuntary urination at night
  • a primary sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children
39
Q

dysuria

A

pain with urination

40
Q

Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections

A

Urinary frequency
Urinary urgency
Nocturia
Fever and chills
Dysuria

NPTE (75 decks)

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