Quiz Questions Flashcards
Which complement system component(s) could be deficient and result in REDUCED degradation of intracellular microbes?
a. C3b
b. C1-INH
c. Factor H
d. C5-9
a. C3b - initiates opsonization of intracellular bacteria (not inter-)
You are a bacterium, excited to find your way into the lungs of a cow. What defense are you LEAST likely to encounter first?
a. A macrophage
b. Mucociliary escalator
c. A neutrophil
d. Defensins
c. neutrophil - while they are first responders, macrophages are local to tissues
Which type of PRR is best suited to detect a CYTOPLASMIC viral infection?
a. Toll-like receptor
b. RIG-1-like receptor
c. Soluble receptor
d. NOD-like receptor
b. RIG-1-like receptor
Toll-like are ECM/intracellular, NOD are cytoplasmic bacteria, soluble wasn’t talked about
Which of the following cells is not phagocytic?
a. Dendritic cell
b. Lymphocyte
c. Neutrophil
d. Macrophage
b. lymphocyte
CD8+ T cells are primarily known for their ability to:
a. Kill infected cells
b. Kill dendritic cells
c. Secrete cytokines
d. Secrete antibodies
a. kill infected cells
Which cell bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immune responses?
a. Dendritic cell
b. Neutrophil
c. T cell
d. Basophil
a. Dendritic cell
MHC class I:
a. Binds peptides that are 40 AA long
b. Is expressed on all nucleated cells
c. Has an antigen binding site made up of δ and μ
d. Is recognized by CD4
b. Is expressed on all nucleated cells
binds short peptides, has alpha/beta chains, is recognized by CD8+ (self killing)
The signal transduction component of the B cell receptor consists of which protein?
a. CD79a
b. CD8
c. CD4a
d. CD3
a. CD79a
CD8 and CD4 = T cells
CD3 = osponization
Identify the antibody type that is mainly produced on mucosal surfaces in dimeric form:
a. IgG
b. IgA
c. IgD
d. IgM
b. IgA
An Irish setter presented with abscesses lacking pus and oral ulcers would likely be diagnosed with
a. Neutrophil chemotaxis
b. Autoimmune mucosal disease
c. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
c. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
What component is responsible for leukocyte adhesion deficiency
a. B2 integrins
b. C3b
c. C5a
d. G protein-coupled receptors
a. B2 integrins
What percentage of immune system function do you have to lose in order to observe amyloidosis
a. 30%
b. 90%
c. 50%
d. 70%
d. 70%
Species susceptible to septic shock have this in common
a. underactive cytotoxic T cells
b. pulmonary intravascular macrophages
c. overactive dendritic cells
b. pulmonary intravascular macrophages
What polymorphism makes IBS common to German Shepherds
a. TLR4/5
b. CD3
c. Rig-1-receptor
d. NFkB
a. TLR4/5
Explain how TLR polymorphisms contribute to IBS in German Shepherds
Found on the basolateral surface and reactive to pathogenic bacteria. However, in German Shepherds this polymorphism makes them ?
What kind of cells are found in the parafollicular region of the lymph nodes
B cells
Give the cytokine, immune reaction, and host defense of:
TH1
- IFNy
- macrophage activation
- intracellular/viral pathogens
Give the cytokine, immune reaction, and host defense of:
TH2
- IL 4, 5, 13
- eosinophil and mast cell activation
- helminth
Give the cytokine, immune reaction, and host defense of:
TH17
- IL 17, 22
- neutrophil
- extracellular bacteria and fungi
Give the cytokine, immune reaction, and host defense of:
TfH
- IL 21
- antibody production
- extracellular pathogens
What recognizes MHC class I
CD8+/cytotoxic T cells
What do CD8+ T cells produce and why
perforins and granzymes to induce death of infected cells
What is upregulated due to Antigen cross-presentation
B7, CD70, and IL-2
Name the location and effector function of:
IgM
- intravascular
- complement activation, agglutination
Name the location and effector function of:
IgG
- intravascular, interstitial, maternal membranes
- complement activation, neutralization, opsonization, neonate immunity
Name the location and effector function of:
IgA
- mucosal surfaces
- neutralization at surfaces, block attachment, neonate immunity
Name the location and effector function of:
IgE
- SQ, sub-mucosal
- mast cell sensitization, eosinophil activation
Name the location and effector function of:
IgD
- B cell
- antigen receptor
How does the body create enduring immunity
T cells increase to clear the infection
B cells boost antibody titers
These cells are secretory and support intestinal stem cells and secrete amps
Paneth
These cells are absorptive and function in transport of Secretary igs and metabolic sensing
Absorptive enterocytes
These cells are absorptive and function in antigen uptake/bacterial translocation
Microfold (m) cells
What hypersensitivity is immune complex mediated
Type III
T/f: all nucleated cells can generally process endogenous antigens
True
T/f: b-cells can bind a large number of APCs
True
This type of dendritic cell would trigger the innate immune system
Plasmacytoid
This type of dendritic cell captures antigens in their close proximity
Classical
What acute phase protein carries cholesterol to the liver
Serum A amylase
Bacteria have their own iron-binding proteins called
Siderophores
What is an example of an extracellular damp?
Hyaluronic acid
Pamps/damps trigger signaling by
Prrs on sentinel cells
The recruitment of inflammatory cells is triggered by - and results in -
C3a/C5a; destruction of pathogen by inflammatory cells
Which of the following is not true of C5a
A. Stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, activation, and degranulation
B. Cause an increase in vascular permeability and vasoconstriction
C, cause release of prostaglandins and IL by neutrophils/macrophages
D. Tags pathogen for phagocytosis
Does not “tag” pathogen for phagocytosis
What does not apply to C3a
A. Potent anaphylatoxin
B. Increase vascular permeability
C. Stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis
D. Cause contraction of smooth muscle
E. Cause degranulation of mast cells and basophils
C. Stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis
A blood smear that has immature neutrophils BEST supports which conclusion?
a. inflammation
b. a viral infection
c. chronic infection
d. hematopoietic stem cell deficiency
a. inflammation
What is the purpose of neutrophilic extracellular traps?
a. activate endothelial cells
b. capture and kill microbes
c. fix complement
d. present antigen
b. capture and kill microbes
What types of infections does a C3 deficiency predispose Brittany Spaniels to?
a. fungal
b. viral
c. bacterial
d. protozoal
c. bacterial
Which of the following are acute pro-inflammatory cytokines?
a. TGF-b
b. IL-10
c. IL-2
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
d. none of the above
An epithelial cell is infected by influenza virus. How will it present antigen to lymphocytes?
a. MHC I
b. MHC II
c. pathogen recognition receptors
d. it can’t present antigen
a. MHC I
An epithelial cell is infected by influenza virus. Which T cell is important for regulating the resulting adaptive immune response?
a. Th1
b. cytotoxic T cell
c. Treg
d. NK cell
c. T reg
Which of the following cell types are able to bind to the Fc portion of an antibody?
a. epithelial cell
b. red blood cell
c. macrophage
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
c. macrophage
Type IV hypersensitivities are driven by which cell type?
a. B cell (antibodies)
b. T cells
c. mast cells
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
b. T cells
Which secondary lymphoid structure is unique to the GI?
a. spleen
b. peyer’s patches
c. lymph nodes
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
b. Peyer’s patches
Duration of immunity is driven by which cell type?
a. memory T cells
b. memory B cells
c. long-lived plasma cells
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
