Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 2 - Intro to Innate > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Intro to Innate Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main components of the innate immune system

A
  1. barriers (physical or physiological)
  2. antimicrobial molecules
  3. sentinel cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of innate barriers

A
  1. epithelium
  2. mucus/tears/sebum
  3. flushing/peristalsis
  4. commensal flora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are barriers like the Forbidden Forest at Hogwarts

A

Deters students from leaving the grounds unless facilitated, has natural ecosystems used to deter enemies from entering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antimicrobial molecules are produced by:

A

epithelial cells and leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of AM molecules

A
  1. defensins
  2. cathelicidins
  3. lysozyme
  4. lactoferrin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do antimicrobial molecules work in the innate immune system

A

they have a direct toxicity to pathogens with membranes and recruit leukocytes

“poke holes”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are antimicrobial molecules similar to killing curses in Harry Potter?

A

Killing curses initiates battles and wound an enemy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Opsonin

A

molecules that bind to pathogens and make them more visible/susceptible to phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: Opsonins are considered the intersection of adaptive and innate immunity

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are opsonins similar to the bank scene in The Deathly Hallows?

A

While under the polyjuice potion, the golden trio can bypass bank security. However, the waterfall washes away their disguise and alerts the wizard police to their presence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 sentinel cells

A
  1. mast cells
  2. macrophages
  3. dendritic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mast cell

A

initiate inflammation via granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what character from Harry Potter is the mast cell most like?

A

Voldemort - is always at the center of every conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Macrophages

A

antigen presentation, cytokine production, phagocytosis, unspecialized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What character from Harry Potter is the macrophage most like?

A

Dementors - attack both students and escapees of Azkaban via soul-sucking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dendritic cells

A

process antigen to start adaptive response (takes information to the lymphatic system)

in connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What character from Harry Potter is the dendritic cell most like?

A

The golden trio - figures out Voldemort is back and attempts to warn the rest of the wizarding world (restarts the order of the phoenix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are antimicrobial molecules, like defensin, similar to arrows

A

create pores in the cellular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an example of an opsonin

A

C3b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do immune cells originate

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

myeloid cells

A

granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lymphoid cells

A

T and B cells, NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone Marrow, thymus, bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what stem cell derivative in hematopoiesis is not differentiated

A

Common myeloid precursor

26
Q

What cells compose the majority of the innate immune system

A

Basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell

27
Q

What are considered adaptive immune system cells

A

T and B cells, plasma cells

28
Q

How are myeloid cells defined

A
  • cell shape
  • shape of the nucleus
  • granule staining
29
Q

What does immature neutrophil presence indicate

A

new inflammatory response or active chronic condition

30
Q

What is the only hematopoietic cell type that can regenerate?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell

31
Q

What cell is not mature when it leaves the bone marrow

A

T cells

32
Q

Where do T cells mature

A

Thymus

33
Q

What granulocyte has a multilobulated nucleus and pale-staining granules

A

neutrophil

34
Q

Neutrophil

A

first responder not in tissue
primary function is to kill infecting microbes

35
Q

how does the neutrophil kill infecting microbes

A

1 - phagocytosis
2 - degranulation
3 - neutrophil extracellular traps

36
Q

What character from Harry Potter is the neutrophil most like

A

McGonagall’s Stone Knights

37
Q

Lactoferrin binds ______

A

iron

38
Q

Myeloperoxidase uses ________ to digest pathogens

A

free radicals

39
Q

What occurs when an animal lacks the myeloperoxidase enzyme

A

abscesses will be hardened instead of liquid

40
Q

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

A

DNA extruded and coated with histones + granule components

captures microbes, destroys virulence factors

41
Q

What character from Harry Potter is the NETs most like?

A

Aragog and the spiders

42
Q

Eosinophils

A

found in connective tissue
functions to kill multicellular parasites
allergic responses

43
Q

What character from Harry Potter is the Eosinophils most like?

A

Devil’s snare - attacks multiple

44
Q

What species has the largest eosinophilic granules

A

horse

45
Q

Basophils

A

migrate to tissues during infections, late phase allergic reactions
promote Th2 response

46
Q

What character from Harry Potter is the Basophil most like?

A

Cho Chang - unique (only Ravenclaw interaction), sometimes helpful or harmful

47
Q

Monocytes

A

cell which contains vacuoles

responds to inflamed tissues via phagocytosis or cytokine production

48
Q

What cell is most effective at antigen processing

A

Dendritic cells

49
Q

What functions do mast cells have

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. vascular permeability
  3. recruit leukocytes
  4. histamine granule production
50
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

1st line of defense against viruses
secrete granules that drive apoptosis

51
Q

What character from Harry Potter are Natural Killer cells most like?

A

Death eaters - will drive apoptosis in cells that do not carry MHC class 1 inhibitory receptor (death eater tattoo)

52
Q

which innate immune cells come from the lymphoid lineage

A

Natural Killer Cell

53
Q

Is the problem acute or chronic if there are:

neutrophils

A

acute

54
Q

Is the problem acute or chronic if there are:

macrophages/lymphocytes/plasma cells

A

chronic

55
Q

Is the problem acute or chronic if there are:

neutrophils and macrophages

A

active chronic condition (flare-up)

56
Q

What is the cause if there are:

neutrophils

A

extracellular bacteria

57
Q

What is the cause if there are:

macrophages

A

intracellular bacteria/parasites, fungi, or foreign body

58
Q

What is the cause if there are:

eosinophils

A

extracellular parasites, allergy

59
Q

What is the cause if there are:

Mast cell/basophil/eosinophil

A

allergy

60
Q

You aspirate a lump of skin which presents as multi-lobulated nuclei and transparent granules. What would be a reasonable treatment of choice?

A

neutrophils - extracellular bacteria - antibiotic tx

Animal Health & Disease 1 (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions