Lecture 42 - Host response Flashcards
what are the 4 barriers (in order) do viruses have to overcome to infect a host
- anatomical/physical
- intrinsic host defenses
- innate immune system
- adaptive immune system
what is the primary role of physical barriers
prevent viral acquisition
T/F: apoptosis is regulated and no inflammation is present
TRUE
T/F: necrosis is the uncontrolled rupturing of cells and no inflammation is present
FALSE - there is localized inflammation present
what is a virus’s counter-response to apoptosis?
inhibition or delay apoptosis until the virus is replicated
summarize the characteristics of the innate immune system
- rapid, first response
- cytokines and sentinel cells
- non-specific
- no immune memory
- can initiate the adaptive immune response
how does the innate immune system recognize viruses but not self?
PRRs and PAMPs
what are interferons?
produced by viral-infected cells and uninfected sentinel cells in response to recognition of viral components
IFN-a and IFN-b are produced by:
all cells
IFN-gamma is produced by
T cells and NK cells
IFN-lambda is produced by
epithelial cells
T/F: the antiviral response makes the cell protected from viral infection
TRUE
How have viruses evolved to inhibit interferon response?
- avoid PRRs
- inhibit cell factors that induce IFNs
- inhibit antiviral genes induced by IFNs
what are sentinel cells
NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells
what is the role of NK cells
directly kill infected cells
