Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lectures 15 & 16 - Vaccines > Flashcards

Lectures 15 & 16 - Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What are phagocytic cells

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are antigen-presenting cells

A

Macrophage
Dendritic Cells
B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classes of T cells

A

Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Regulator T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classes of B cells

A

Memory B cell
Plasma cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define:

vaccine

A

preparation of immunogenic material used to induce initial immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define:

vaccination

A

intentional administration of less virulent pathogens to induce an immune response and protect against later exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who practiced vaccination first

A

Edward Jenner (smallpox vs. cowpox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antigenically similar viruses, like cowpox and smallpox, are referred to as

A

host range mutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did Edward Jenner’s vaccine work?

A

introduced less dangerous cowpox which shared surface antigens with smallpox so the immune system was able to identify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main objective of vaccination

A

induce B and T lymphocytes to differentiate and produce antigen-specific components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is passive immunity

A

born w/ or acquired via maternal passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MHC II deals with ______ pathogens

A

exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MHC I deals with _____ pathogens

A

endogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes B cells to proliferate

A

T helper cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disease refers to _______ while infection refers to ________

A

symptoms; presence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the rapid expansion of B and T cells occur

A

after 2nd exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For systemic infections, what is preeminent

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

For localized infections, what is preeminent

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the preeminent role of IgG or IgA do

A

prevent systemic spread (IgG)
block entry at the mucosal barrier (IgA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are IgG presented to lymphocytes

A

lymph nodes and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is IgA presented to lymphocytes

A

submucosa sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the direct development of acquired immunity

A

Plasma cell to antibody to pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the indirect development of acquired immunity

A

plasma cell to antibody to macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What has a higher binding capacity:

IgM or IgA

Why?

A

IgM because it is a pentamer (5)

24
Summarize the 12 steps of vaccine-induced immune response
1. binding of "pathogen" 2. Engulfment 3. RNA release 4a. recognition by MHC I receptors intracellularly 4b. Viral replication and expulsion 5. dendritic cell interaction 6. DC stimulates B cell 7. B cell produces antibody 8. virus neutralization 9. MHC II stimulates helper T cell 10. cytokine release 11. activated T cells 12. apoptosis of infected cell
25
What are memory B cells (what immunoglobulins)
IgG, IgA, IgE
26
What needs to be considered when discussing: effectiveness of vaccines
evoke protective immunity at appropriate sites, of appropriate nature, and have adequate duration
27
What needs to be considered when discussing: availability of vaccines
cultured in bulk or readily available
28
What needs to be considered when discussing: stability of vaccines
storage, stable under extreme climate conditions
29
What needs to be considered when discussing: cheapness of vaccines
what developing countries have for monetary resources
30
What needs to be considered when discussing: safety of vaccines
eliminate pathogenicity
31
What are veterinary examples of highly effective virus control
rabies, canine distemper, feline panleukopenia
32
What are the vaccine-related reasons for vaccine failure
- transport/handling/storage - dose and admin - quality
33
What are the animal/subject-related reasons for vaccine failure
- maternal antibodies - immunosuppression - genetic variation - stress
34
What are the pathogen-related reasons for vaccine failure
- strain - a reversal to virulence
35
Antigenic drift
gradual accumulation of mutations
36
Antigenic shift
sudden change due to acquisition of one or more novel surface genes
37
Reassortment
infected cell produces both parental virus and one RNA segment from either strain
38
T/F: immunological memory is not lost
False - gradual loss
39
What are the vaccine types
1. modified live 2. inactivated (killed) 3. subunit 4. virus-vectored 5. gene-deleted
40
What types of vaccines fall under gene cloning
subunit, virus-vectored, gene-deleted
41
Examples of modified-live viral vaccines
smallpox, rabies, cold-adapted equine influenza
42
attenuate
reduce in virulence
43
cold-adapted vaccines
selection of mutants with growth at low temperatures so there is gained immunity with low virulence
44
Examples of inactivated vaccines
FIV, canine influenza, rabies
45
How are inactivated vaccines made
1. virus propagated 2. inactivated via heat, light, irradiation, formalin 3. add adjuvant
46
adjuvant
chemical that enhances immune response to antigen
47
Modified live virus vaccines tend to be highly ____, but not always _____
effective; safe
48
Inactivated virus vaccines tend to be highly ____, but not always _____
safe; effective
49
How is a recombinant subunit vaccine made
1. foreign DNA inserted to the plasmid vector 2. introduction of the plasmid to host cell 3. selection of cells containing recombinant DNA
50
Gene-deleted vaccines
delete genes essential in virulence (safe + effective live virus vaccine)
51
Example of gene-deleted vaccine
herpesvirus vaccines
52
Virus-vectored vaccines
protective antigen inserted into nonvirulent virus genome and then inoculated in host
53
Example of virus-vector vaccines
adenoviruses, rhabdoviruses
54
mRNA vaccines
prompt the body's own cells to make a protein fragment found in the pathogen
55
What are the 5 big steps in mRNA vaccine
1. mRNA constructs 2. delivery 3. expression 4. presentation 5. immune response
56
What are the routes of vaccine administration
Parenteral - IM, SQ Mucosal - oral, nasal, ocular Dermal - epidermal and SQ In-ovo/spray - poultry
57
What are the properties of adjuvants
- induce local inflammation - prolong antigen persistence - steer TH1/2 response - deliver antigens to MHC classes

Animal Health & Disease 1 (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions