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Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 26 - WBC Interpretation 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 26 - WBC Interpretation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: WBC counts are not reliable in avian/exotics since RBCs are nucleated

A

TRUE

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2
Q

List the Leukogram-related terms for increase

A

-cytosis, -philia

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3
Q

List the Leukogram-related terms for decrease

A

-penia

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3
Q

What are the 3 steps to interpreting a leukogram

A
  1. describe the overall change
  2. characterize shifts or morphology
  3. interpret
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4
Q

Inflammation leukograms would have

A

neutrophilia +/- monocytosis
neutropenia
+/- band neutrophils, toxic change

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4
Q

Physiologic/epinephrine-related leukograms would have

A

neutrophilia, lymphocytosis

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4
Q

Stress/corticosteroid-related leukograms would have

A

lymphopenia, mature neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia

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5
Q

what species is physiologic leukocytosis common in

A

healthy cats and foals

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6
Q

Physiologic leukocytosis is caused by…

A

fear, excitement, exercise

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7
Q

stress response/corticosteroid leukocytosis is caused by…

A

steroid treatment, Cushing’s (hyper),, trauma/illness

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8
Q

Characterize the Bloodwork:

RBC 1.95 (5-11)
Hgb 2.9 (8-15)
Hct 9.2 (25-45)
MCHC 29 (30-36)
RDW 22.4 (13-17)
PLT 143 (200-500)
Neut. 13.6 (2.7-6.9)
Lymph .151 (.415-4.996)
Mono. 1.3 (.07-.8)

morphology - clumped platelets, anisocytosis, polychromasia

A

Erythrogram: marked normocytic hypochromic anemia

Leukogram: mild neutrophilia, mild monophilia, moderate lympopenia

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9
Q

T/F: a stress response leukogram occurs independently

A

FALSE - concurrently w inflammatory leukogram

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10
Q

left degenerative shift indicates

A

band neutrophils > mature neutrophils

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10
Q

What would you diagnose if a dog had no stress leukogram but was presenting as sick

A

Addison’s (hypo)

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11
Q

Left shift indicates

A

banded neutrophil presence

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12
Q

What is the predominant leukocyte in health for dogs, cats, and horses

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

In non-mammalian species, what are neutrophils called

A

heterophils

13
Q

Where is the neutrophil storage pool

A

bone marrow

14
Q

what species has the largest storage pool? smallest storage pool?

A

dogs; ruminants

15
Q

circulating neutrophil pool

A

free flowing in the blood

16
Q

marginating neutrophil pool

A

adhered to endothelial cells

17
Q

Neutrophil count on CBC is affected by what 3 factors?

A
  1. rate of bone marrow production and release
  2. rate of migration into tissues
  3. shifts between marginating and circulating pools
18
Q

What are 4 examples of cytoplasmic toxic changes

A
  1. dohle bodies
  2. cytoplasmic basophilia
  3. cytoplasmic vacuolization
  4. toxic granulation
19
Q

Toxic change in neutrophils is seen by

A

retention of immature features

20
Q

What are the 4 patterns of inflammation

A
  1. classic inflammation
  2. extreme neutrophilia
  3. overwhelming inflammation
  4. inflammation w concurrent stress response
21
Q

increased neutrophils is consistent with what inflammation pattern

A

classical

22
Q

decreased neutrophils is consistent with what inflammation pattern

A

overwhelming

23
Q

Describe classical inflammation

A
  • neutrophilia +/- left shift and toxic change
  • bone marrow production outpaces tissue consumption
24
Q

Describe extreme neutrophilia

A
  • “leukemia-like”
  • big bone marrow stimulus
  • the Ps
25
Q

What are the 5 Ps of inflammation

A

pyometra
pyelonephritis
pyothorax
pancreatitis
pus-pockets

26
Q

neutropenia in ruminants indicates what inflammation

A

significant acute

27
Q

What are examples of agents that cause overwhelming inflammation

A

gram - bacterial infection
canine parvovirus
FPV
bone marrow damage
leukemia

28
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of blood cells

29
Q

myelophthisis

A

neoplastic infiltration of bone marrow

30
Q

Characterize the bloodwork:

WBC 31.5 (4.4-11.6)
Hct 7.4 (39.2-55.9)
MCV 98.5 (64-75.2)
MCHC 26.2 (34.5-36.6)
PCV 9 (39-58)

Reticulo. 189225 (8040-93730)
Neutro. 25.8 (2.8-9.1)
Bands 1.3
lymph 0.63 (.59-3.3)
mono. 3.7 (.075-.85)

morphology - polychromasia, spherocytes, agglutination

A

Erythrogram - marked macrocytic hypochromic regenerative anemia w spherocytes and agglutination (IMHA)

Leukogram - moderate leukocytosis, moderate neutrophilia w/ left shift, moderate monocytosis (classical)

31
Q

Characterize the bloodwork:

Hct 36 (39.2-55.9)
PLT 480 (190-468)
PCV 35 (39-58)
neutro. 1.9 (2.8-9.1)
bands 1.7
lymph .32 (.59-3.3)

morphology - 2+ toxic change

A

Erythrogram - normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia

Leukogram - moderate neutropenia w/ degenerative left shift and toxic change
moderate lymphopenia and eosinopenia (overwhelming)

32
Q

Physiologic leukogram patterns

A

increased neutrophils, lymphocytes

33
Q

Corticosteroid leukogram patterns

A

increased neutrophils, monocytes
decreased lymphocytes, eosinophils

34
Q

Classic inflammation leukogram patterns

A

increased neutrophils, maybe monocytes
maybe decreased lymphocytes, eosinophils
+/- left shift and toxic change

35
Q

Overwhelming inflammation leukogram patterns

A

decreased neutrophils
+ Left shift and toxic change

36
Q

Inflammation + stress leukogram patterns

A

increased neutrophils, monocytes
decreased lymphocytes, eosinophils
+/- left shift and toxic change

Animal Health & Disease 1 (50 decks)

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