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Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 28 - Intro to Bacteriology > Flashcards

Lecture 28 - Intro to Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: eukaryotes have both cell membranes and cell walls

A

FALSE - prokaryotes have cell walls

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2
Q

describe the difference in a prokaryote compared to a eukaryote (there are 6)

A
  • small
  • single, circular plasmids
  • absent nucleus
  • 70s ribosomes
  • binary fission division
  • no organelles
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3
Q

Endosymbiosis hypothesis

A

primitive eukaryotic cells were phagocytized by bacterial cells to enhance respiratory activity

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4
Q

what evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory

A

mitochondria have their DNA and membranes

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5
Q

Microbes play a role in

A

early immune development
health conditions

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6
Q

What is a characteristic of bacteria?

a) nucleus
b) organelles
c) binary fission
d) multiple chromosomes

A

c) binary fission

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7
Q

Why is bacteriology IMPORTANT to vet med?

a) Food safety
b) Important cause of diseases
c) Appropriate diagnosis and treatment
d) All of the above

A

d) all of the above

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8
Q

T/F: when naming bacteria, genus, species, and subspecies are italicized

A

TRUE

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9
Q

coccus

A

small, round bacteria

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10
Q

rods

A

elongated bacteria

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11
Q

Describe Leptospira (morphology, health effects, etc.)

A

spirochete
liver, renal, reproductive failure + hemolysis
maintained in renal tubules

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12
Q

Monomorphic

A

similar shape and size

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13
Q

pleomorphic

A

variable, response to environment

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14
Q

what are 4 things bacterial anatomy can tell us

A
  1. identification/diagnosis
  2. understand pathogenic mechanisms
  3. vaccine development
  4. targets for control
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15
Q

gram + stains ____ due to a ____ wall

A

purple; thick

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16
Q

gram - stains ___ due to a ____ wall

A

pink; thin

17
Q

describe the cellular wall of gram + cells

A

thick peptidoglycan wall

18
Q

describe the cellular wall of gram - cells

A

outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides
thin peptidoglycan

19
Q

what do gram + and gram - cells have in common

A

periplasmic space
cytoplasmic membrane

20
Q

Why are mycobacterial species considered complex

A

thick waxy layer of mycolic acids with peptidoglycan
uses acid-fast staining

21
Q

Why do spores develop

A

when the cell is put under negative conditions (lack of nutrients, climate, etc.)

22
Q

what cell classification typically produces spores

A

gram +

23
Q

when are spores released into the environment

A

by the rupture of vegetative cell

24
Q

what are capsules regarding bacteria

A

composed of polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins
creates a “halo” when stained
protection against phagocytosis and used for attachment

25
Q

obligate aerobe

A

oxygen is required
brucella

26
Q

facultative aerobe

A

better w/ oxygen
E. coli

27
Q

microaerophilic aerobe

A

better w/ less, but still required for growth
campylobacter

28
Q

aerotolerant anaerobe

A

oxygen not required, but lives in the presence
necrophorum

29
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

oxygen is harmful

30
Q

Describe fusobacterium necrophorum

A

gram -
aerotolerant anaerobe
necrosis - anaerobic environment - abscesses

31
Q

T/F: many bacteria have temperature preferences for which enzymes work best

A

TRUE

32
Q

what is a psychrophile? why is this clinically important?

A

can survive at 10-15 degrees Celcius
many food-borne pathogens - the temperature range is the same as a refrigerator

33
Q

Siderophore

A

binds iron and transports it into the bacterium; used for growth

34
Q

describe the clinical importance of sulfa drugs

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis, broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic

treats many acute, local and systemic infections but cause of Type IV hypersensitivity

35
Q

Which stain result indicates a thick, WAXY cell wall?

a) Gram-positive
b) Gram-negative
c) Acid-fast positive
d) Acid-fast negative

A

c) Acid-fast positive

36
Q

LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE is a component of which group?

a) Gram-positive
b) Gram-negative
c) Acid-fast positive

A

b) gram-negative

37
Q

Which anatomic feature results in extreme heat resistance, requiring autoclaving?

a) Spore
b) Capsule
c) Waxy cell wall
d) Lipopolysaccharide

A

a) spore

Animal Health & Disease 1 (50 decks)

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