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Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 25 - RBC Interpretation 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 - RBC Interpretation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

increased total protein indicates

A

hemolysis

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2
Q

decreased total protein indicates

A

hemorrhage

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3
Q

acute hemorrhage characteristics

A

severity not apparent until fluid volume is replaced
PP diluted

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4
Q

chronic hemorrhage characteristics

A

mild or no anemia
prolonged = iron deficiency
sometimes low PP

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5
Q

what are the causes of chronic hemorrhage

A
  1. parasitism
  2. GI ulcers
  3. neoplasm
  4. hematuria
  5. coagulopathies
  6. frequent phlebotomy
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6
Q

external hemorrhage

A

loss to outside
trauma, coagulopathy, ectoparasites

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7
Q

internal hemorrhage

A

RBCs and proteins are broken down

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8
Q

extravascular hemolysis

A

RBCs phagocytized by macrophages
most common

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9
Q

intravascular hemolysis

A

RBCs lyse with vasculature

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10
Q

What is the rate-limiting step in bilirubin formation

A

conjugated bilirubin in the liver transported to the gall bladder

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11
Q

IMHA

A

antibodies attack RBC antigens (type II)

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12
Q

what are the two most common causes of canine hemolytic anemia

A
  1. breed disposition
  2. age
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13
Q

what is primary IMHA

A

idiopathic

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14
Q

what is secondary IMHA

A

infection-, neoplasia-, drug-, vaccine- mediated

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15
Q

what species typically has primary IMHA? what about secondary IMHA?

A

cats; horses

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16
Q

neonatal isoerythrocytosis

A

mare-foal incompatibility due to the stallion’s blood type and mare producing antibodies against the foal’s blood

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17
Q

what would be seen in lab work to help diagnose IMHA

A

spherocytes
agglutination
hyperbilirubinemia
bilirubinuria
inflammatory leukogram

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18
Q

Coombs test positive is indicated by

A

agglutination

19
Q

what does Coombs test detect

A

antibodies/complement on RBCs

20
Q

morphology of oxidated membrane proteins

A

eccentrocytes
pyknocytes

21
Q

morphology of hemoglobin denaturation

A

heinz bodies

22
Q

What are the causes of oxidative hemolytic anemia

A
  1. Plants - allium or red maple toxicity
  2. Acetaminophen toxicity
  3. Metals - zinc or copper
  4. crude oil
23
Q

increased, small Heinz bodies in cats are indicative of

A

diabetes, lymphoma, and hyperthyroidism

24
Q

_____, _____ heinz bodies indicate oxidative damage

A

many; large

25
Q

decreased ATP influences RBCs how

A

decrease lifespan and hemolysis

26
Q

what two enzyme deficiencies are hereditary and impact RBCs

A

pyruvate kinase
phosphofructokinase

27
Q

what acquired metabolic disorder is a cause of Intravascular hemolytic anemia

A

hypophosphatemia

28
Q

T/F: hypophosphatemia is mediated by vitamin D

A

FALSE - insulin

29
Q

examples of RBC parasites

A

mycoplasma
anaplasma
(babesia + cytauxzoon)

30
Q

what two commonly vaccinated against microorganisms can cause intravascular hemolysis

A

clostridium and leptospira

31
Q

Caval syndrome is connected to

A

severe heartworm disease

32
Q

Characterize this Persian cat blood work:

RBC 1.95 (5 - 11)
Hgb 2.9 (8 -15)
Hct 9.2 (25 - 45)
MCHC 29 (30 - 36)
RDW 22.4 (13 - 17)
PLT 143 (200 - 500)
PCV 9 (32 - 48)
PP 5.2 (6.8 - 8.3)

morphology - clumped, polychromasia, heinz bodies, anisocytosis

A

regenerative normocytic hypochromic anemia

cause: blood loss (decreased pp and PCV)

33
Q

Characterize the sheep blood work:

WBC 16.38 (4 - 12)
RBC 5.99 (9 - 15)
Hgb 7.1 (9 - 15)
Hct 17.1 (27 - 45)
MCHC 41.2 (31 - 34)
Platelet ct 820 (250 - 750)
PCV 17 (27 - 45)

morphology - polychromasia, Heinz bodies, basophilic stippling

A

moderate normocytic hypochromic regenerative anemia w/ increased MCHC

cause: hemolysis (copper?)

34
Q

non-regenerative anemia is mostly due to

A

inadequate or absent bone marrow response

35
Q

Causes are 7 of non-regenerative anemia

A
  1. anemia of inflammatory disease
  2. anemia of endocrine disease
  3. chronic kidney disease
  4. iron deficiency
  5. myelophthisis
  6. aplastic anemia
  7. PIMA
36
Q

anemia of inflammatory disease

A

most common
acute
mild normocytic normochromic

37
Q

chronic kidney disease anemia

A

lack of EPO
severity proportional to the retention of nitrogenous waste
azotemia, hyperphosphatemia

38
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

chronic blood loss
iron deficiency in young animals
microcytic hypochromic

39
Q

pancytopenia

A

anemia + neutropenia + thrombocytopenia

40
Q

bicytopenia

A

decrease in 2/3 cell lineages

41
Q

myelophthisis

A

crowding out of normal BM (neoplasia)

42
Q

aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow failure

43
Q

Lead toxicity findings

A

polychromasia
inappropriate nRBCs
inappropriate basophilic stippling

Animal Health & Disease 1 (50 decks)

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