Lecture 12 - Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency

Question 1

Define: Autoimmunity

Answer 1

activation and dysregulation of host’s immune responses against self-antigens causing tissue damage/disease

Question 2

What two factors contribute to autoimmunity

Answer 2

1. Genetic predisposition
2. infection/environmental exposure

Question 3

What is considered a:

abnormal immune response

Answer 3

no regulatory control (no apoptosis, microchimerism, viral infections)

Question 4

What is considered a:

normal response

Answer 4

molecular mimicry and previously hidden antigens

Question 5

What are immune-privileged sites

Answer 5

brain
eye
testis
uterus

Question 6

what is present in immune-privileged sites

Answer 6

• minimal lymphatic drainage
• surrounded by tissue barrier
• strong Treg response (high levels of TGF-B and IL-10)

Question 7

Anergy

Answer 7

absence of normal immune response to particular antigen or allergen

Question 8

molecular mimicry

Answer 8

shared epitope between an infectious agent and an autoantigen (normal protein)

Question 9

Periodic Ophthalmia

Answer 9

leptospira infection causing blindness in horses

Question 10

Bystander activation

Answer 10

indirect activation via cytokine cascade

Question 11

T/F: most autoimmune diseases are MHC-associated

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Th17 can be categorized as ___ inflammation while Treg can be classified as ____ inflammation

Answer 12

pro; anti

Question 13

Give an example of an autoimmune:

endocrine disease

Answer 13

diabetes mellitus

Question 14

Give an example of an autoimmune:

neurological disease

Answer 14

cerebellar degeneration, necrotizing meningoencephalitis

Question 15

Give an example of an autoimmune:

eye disease

Answer 15

equine recurrent uveitis

Question 16

Give an example of an autoimmune:

skin disease

Answer 16

alopecia areata
uveodermatological

Question 17

Give an example of an autoimmune:

muscle disease

Answer 17

myasthenia gravis
canine cardiomyopathy

Question 18

Give an example of an autoimmune:

blood disease

Answer 18

hemolytic anemia

Question 19

Give an example of systemic autoimmune disease

Answer 19

lupus erythematosus
polyarthritis
vasculitis

Question 20

Describe autoimmune diabetes

Answer 20

loss of B islet cells via cytotoxic cell mechanisms

Question 21

Describe uveodermatological syndrome

Answer 21

eye and skin lesions, inflammation of the retina

Question 22

Describe equine recurrent uveitis

Answer 22

BBB breakage resulting in pathogen entry and vasodilation

Question 23

Describe lymphocytic thyroiditis

Answer 23

immune response against thyroid hormones/gland commonly manifesting as overweight and with patchy hair

Question 24

Describe systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 24

B cells bind antigen from injured self cells and stimulate inflammatory response

Question 25

Describe rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 25

in progressive cases, joints fuse inflammatory molecules in joints

Question 26

What factor is present in RA

Answer 26

tumor nectosis factor alpha (TNF-a)

Question 27

Define: immunodeficiency

Answer 27

inherited or acquired defects in the adaptive or innate responses

Question 28

What is primary immunodeficiency?

Answer 28

inherited defects

Question 29

What is secondary immunodeficiency?

Answer 29

due to environmental factors (suppressive drugs, infections, diet, etc.)

Question 30

Give an example of: Primary immunodeficiency in the innate system

Answer 30

leukocyte adhesion deficiency neutropenia

Question 31

Give an example of: primary immunodeficiency in the adaptive system

Answer 31

SCID

Question 32

Give an example of: secondary viral-induced

Answer 32

canine distemper

Question 33

Give an example of: secondary retrovirus infection (cats)

Answer 33

FLV, FIV

Question 34

T/F: SCID is an X-linked immunodeficiency

Answer 34

False - can be X-linked or autosomal recessive

Question 35

What cell type is severely decreased in FIV

Answer 35

T cells

Question 36

T/F: cancers are immunosuppressive

Answer 36

True