Lecture 27 - WBC Interpretation 2 Flashcards
Describe the appearance of:
lymphocytes
mononuclear
high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
blue cytoplasm
What are the jobs of lymphocytes
defense against infection and tumor cells
T/F: lymphocytes are the predominant leukocyte in rats/mice, birds, ruminants, and pigs
TRUE
where do lymphocytes originate
bone marrow
What are the 3 types of lymphocytes
B cell, T cell, NK cell
T/F: lymphocytes have an extended half-life in circulation
FALSE - ~30min half life
Explain how lymphocytes are sized
nucleus comparative to neutrophil
small = smaller than
intermediate = same
large = larger than
What 4 situations are common for lymphocytosis to be seen
- physiologic response
- antigenic stimulation
- corticosteroid deficiency (Addison’s)
- lymphoid neoplasia
antigenic stimulation refers to
vaccination, infection, cancer
What 4 situations are common for lymphopenia to be seen
- corticosteroid response
- acute infections
- loss of lymphocyte-rich fluid
- immunodeficiency
Describe the appearance of:
monocytes
indented/horseshoe nucleus
vacuolated
large
T/F: there is a storage pool of monocytes
FALSE - immediately released after rapid maturation
Monocytes differentiate to
macrophage and APCs
When do we see monocytosis
- corticosteroid response
- chronic inflammation (hemolysis/hemorrhage, immune-mediated injury)
Describe the appearance of:
eosinophils
polymorphonuclear (segments)
red to pink granules
What do eosinophils respond to
worms (parasites), wheezes (hypersensitivity/allergy), and weird diseases (paraneoplastic)
What eosinophil dysregulation is commonly seen with rottweilers
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Describe the appearance of:
basophils
multilobulated nucleus
lavender cytoplasm
purple granules
T/F: Rabbits, turtles, and birds have rare basophils
FALSE
T/F: basophilia is often concurrent with eosinophilia
TRUE
Describe the appearance of:
mast cells
round
clear/blue cytoplasm
purple granules
“fried egg”
mastocythemia
mast cells seen in circulation
When would we see mast cells in circulation
moderate/severe inflammation (GI)
non-mast cell neoplasm (lymphoma)
systemic mast cell disease
_______ is more clinically relevant in cats while _______ is more clinically relevant in dogs regarding mast cells
systemic mast cell disease; inflammatory condition
Describe the appearance of:
macrophages
large, round
vacuolated w/ debris
low nuclear:cytoplasm ration
when are macrophages seen in circulation
- inflammation
- liver disease
- neoplasia
Morulae
bacterial microcolonies within cell vesicles
when are morulae found
acute infections
in which cells are morulae found
neutrophils
monocytes
if a morulae is present in neutrophils, diagnosis may be
ehrlichia e. or anaplasma
if morulae is present in monocytes, diagnosis may be
ehrlichia canis and chaffeensis
distemper would be present as morulae in what cells
leukocytes, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells
acute leukemia indicators
immature large neoplastic cells
rapid progression
bi- or pancytopenic
chronic leukemia indicators
mature cells
slow progression
minimal clinical signs
acute myeloid leukemia (AML) indicators
intermediate to large neoplastic cells
any age
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) indicators
well-differentiated
rare
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) indicators
any age
short clinical course
intermediate to large lymphocytes
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) indicators
older animals (dogs)
slow, progressed disease
small cell lymphocytosis
describe lymphoma
neoplasia of lymphocytes
arise from lymphoid tissue/organs
ALL vs stage V lymphoma
ALL - bi- or pancytopenia
previous hx of lymphoma - progression
Describe the appearance of:
hematopoietic neoplastic cell
large
high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
finely stippled chromatin
visible nucleolus
bone marrow cytology is best for
cell identification and evaluating cell detail
bone marrow histopathology is best for
assessing cellularity and evaluating architecture
