Lecture 27 - WBC Interpretation 2

Question 1

Describe the appearance of:

lymphocytes

Answer 1

mononuclear
high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio
blue cytoplasm

Question 2

What are the jobs of lymphocytes

Answer 2

defense against infection and tumor cells

Question 3

T/F: lymphocytes are the predominant leukocyte in rats/mice, birds, ruminants, and pigs

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

where do lymphocytes originate

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

What are the 3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 5

B cell, T cell, NK cell

Question 6

T/F: lymphocytes have an extended half-life in circulation

Answer 6

FALSE - ~30min half life

Question 7

Explain how lymphocytes are sized

Answer 7

nucleus comparative to neutrophil
small = smaller than
intermediate = same
large = larger than

Question 8

What 4 situations are common for lymphocytosis to be seen

Answer 8

1. physiologic response
2. antigenic stimulation
3. corticosteroid deficiency (Addison’s)
4. lymphoid neoplasia

Question 9

antigenic stimulation refers to

Answer 9

vaccination, infection, cancer

Question 10

What 4 situations are common for lymphopenia to be seen

Answer 10

1. corticosteroid response
2. acute infections
3. loss of lymphocyte-rich fluid
4. immunodeficiency

Question 11

Describe the appearance of:

monocytes

Answer 11

indented/horseshoe nucleus
vacuolated
large

Question 12

T/F: there is a storage pool of monocytes

Answer 12

FALSE - immediately released after rapid maturation

Question 13

Monocytes differentiate to

Answer 13

macrophage and APCs

Question 14

When do we see monocytosis

Answer 14

1. corticosteroid response
2. chronic inflammation (hemolysis/hemorrhage, immune-mediated injury)

Question 15

Describe the appearance of:

eosinophils

Answer 15

polymorphonuclear (segments)
red to pink granules

Question 16

What do eosinophils respond to

Answer 16

worms (parasites), wheezes (hypersensitivity/allergy), and weird diseases (paraneoplastic)

Question 17

What eosinophil dysregulation is commonly seen with rottweilers

Answer 17

Hypereosinophilic syndrome

Question 18

Describe the appearance of:

basophils

Answer 18

multilobulated nucleus
lavender cytoplasm
purple granules

Question 19

T/F: Rabbits, turtles, and birds have rare basophils

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

T/F: basophilia is often concurrent with eosinophilia

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Describe the appearance of:

mast cells

Answer 21

round
clear/blue cytoplasm
purple granules
“fried egg”

Question 22

mastocythemia

Answer 22

mast cells seen in circulation

Question 23

When would we see mast cells in circulation

Answer 23

moderate/severe inflammation (GI)
non-mast cell neoplasm (lymphoma)
systemic mast cell disease

Question 24

_______ is more clinically relevant in cats while _______ is more clinically relevant in dogs regarding mast cells

Answer 24

systemic mast cell disease; inflammatory condition

Question 25

Describe the appearance of:

macrophages

Answer 25

large, round
vacuolated w/ debris
low nuclear:cytoplasm ration

Question 26

when are macrophages seen in circulation

Answer 26

1. inflammation
2. liver disease
3. neoplasia

Question 27

Morulae

Answer 27

bacterial microcolonies within cell vesicles

Question 28

when are morulae found

Answer 28

acute infections

Question 29

in which cells are morulae found

Answer 29

neutrophils
monocytes

Question 30

if a morulae is present in neutrophils, diagnosis may be

Answer 30

ehrlichia e. or anaplasma

Question 31

if morulae is present in monocytes, diagnosis may be

Answer 31

ehrlichia canis and chaffeensis

Question 32

distemper would be present as morulae in what cells

Answer 32

leukocytes, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells

Question 33

acute leukemia indicators

Answer 33

immature large neoplastic cells
rapid progression
bi- or pancytopenic

Question 34

chronic leukemia indicators

Answer 34

mature cells
slow progression
minimal clinical signs

Question 35

acute myeloid leukemia (AML) indicators

Answer 35

intermediate to large neoplastic cells
any age

Question 36

chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) indicators

Answer 36

well-differentiated
rare

Question 37

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) indicators

Answer 37

any age
short clinical course
intermediate to large lymphocytes

Question 38

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) indicators

Answer 38

older animals (dogs)
slow, progressed disease
small cell lymphocytosis

Question 39

describe lymphoma

Answer 39

neoplasia of lymphocytes
arise from lymphoid tissue/organs

Question 40

ALL vs stage V lymphoma

Answer 40

ALL - bi- or pancytopenia
previous hx of lymphoma - progression

Question 41

Describe the appearance of:

hematopoietic neoplastic cell

Answer 41

large
high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
finely stippled chromatin
visible nucleolus

Question 42

bone marrow cytology is best for

Answer 42

cell identification and evaluating cell detail

Question 43

bone marrow histopathology is best for

Answer 43

assessing cellularity and evaluating architecture