Lecture 10 - Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Order the types of hypersensitivity from fastest to slowest

Answer 1

Type I to Type IV

Question 2

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer 2

allergic reactions

Question 3

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 3

hemolytic anemia

Question 4

Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 4

serum sickness, lupus

Question 5

Type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 5

contact dermatitis

Question 6

What types of cells are present in allergies

Answer 6

mast cells, eosinophils, IgE

Question 7

what are the two steps to an allergic reaction

Answer 7

step 1 - sensitization (first exposure)
step 2 - subsequent exposure to same allergen

Question 8

what do allergens in type I sensitivity induce

Answer 8

smooth muscle contraction
edema (vasodilation + increased permeability)

Question 9

Anaphylaxis

Answer 9

sudden shock syndrome from a massive release of mast cell mediators

Question 10

what does the severity of anaphylaxis depend on

Answer 10

concentration of allergen

Question 11

What is Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 11

localized tissue cytotoxicity
B cells are self-reactive or extrinsic antigens bind to RBCs

Question 12

the antigen-antibody complex employs the

Answer 12

complement system

Question 13

what is an example of a drug that can induce type II hypersensitivity

Answer 13

penicillin

Question 14

How does the antigen-antibody complex result in cytotoxicity

Answer 14

phagocytes have complement receptors that facilitate the uptake/degradation of pathogens with C3b, MAC destroys pathogens via pores

Question 15

hemolytic anemia

Answer 15

blood donor having alloantibodies that bind to recipient RBC

Question 16

Alloantibodies

Answer 16

produced in response to exposure to incompatible blood group antigens

Question 17

What is Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 17

The free-floating antibody-antigen complex not associated with the cell affects locally/systemically

Question 18

what is the result of large immune complexes that are not removed via phagocytosis

Answer 18

tissue damage

Question 19

what are 3 things that the immune complex formation triggers

Answer 19

1. complement activation of neutrophils
2. macrophage activation
3. complement activation of mast cells

Question 20

Summarize Arthus reaction

Answer 20

C5a binds to mast cells after formation of immune complex

immune complex binds to mast cells

phagocytes engult complexes

neutrophils release tissue-damaging enzymes

Question 21

In what locations are complexes likely to be deposited

Answer 21

walls of blood vessels, glomeruli, joints

Question 22

what complement receptor do immune complexes bind to

Answer 22

CR1

Question 23

where are CR1 found

Answer 23

circulating phagocytes, RBCs, and platelets

Question 24

What diseases are associated with deposits in the:

blood vessels

Answer 24

arteritis

Question 25

What diseases are associated with deposits in the:

glomeruli

Answer 25

glomerulonephritis

Question 26

What diseases are associated with deposits in the:

synovial fluid

Answer 26

arthritis

Question 27

List the layers of the glomerulus from outermost to innermost

Answer 27

epithelial cells
subepithelial cells
basement membrane
capillary endothelial cells
mesangial cells

Question 28

Type 1 MPGN is found where

Answer 28

mesangial and subendothelial cells

Question 29

Type II MPGN is found where

Answer 29

within basement membrane

Question 30

Type III MPGN is found where

Answer 30

subepithelial cells

Question 31

What is serum sickness

Answer 31

formation of antiserum antibody-antibody complexes upon second exposure

Question 32

What is systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 32

excessive production of antibodies to self-antigens

Question 33

Type IV hypersensitivity is also known as

Answer 33

delayed-type hypersensitivity

Question 34

Type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 34

T cell response to MHC II complexes derived from foreign or modified proteins

Question 35

Example of Type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 35

poison ivy contact dermatitis