Lecture 24 - RBC Interpretation 1

Question 1

T/F: Erythrocytes are continuously produced and destroyed

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

________ is too many RBCs and ________ is too few RBCs

Answer 2

erythrocytosis; anemia

Question 3

where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

what three things that EPO do?

Answer 4

1. promote proliferation
2. promote early reticulocyte release
3. shortens maturation time

Question 5

T/F: mammalian RBCs have a nucleus and machinery that allow them to make new proteins

Answer 5

FALSE - no nucleus; cannot make new proteins

Question 6

Where are old RBCs “cleared” and by what

Answer 6

spleen; macrophages

Question 7

Hemoglobin is recycled to

Answer 7

bilirubin

Question 8

Old RBCs have decreased what

Answer 8

enzymatic activity and membrane deformability

Question 9

increased conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin can both indicate

Answer 9

hemolytic anemia

Question 10

erythrocytosis is marked by

Answer 10

increased PCV, Hct, Hgb, and RBC

Question 11

T/F: athletic breeds (hot-blooded horses and greyhounds) have higher PCV/Hct in health

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

How are absolute and relative erythrocytosis different

Answer 12

absolute is a true increase in RBCs and relative is regarding plasma

Question 13

What are the two deviations of relative erythrocytosis

Answer 13

1. dehydration (hemoconcentration)
2. splenic contraction (epinephrine response)

Question 14

Primary absolute erythrocytosis is

Answer 14

EPO-independent

Question 15

Secondary absolute erythrocytosis is

Answer 15

EPO-dependent

Question 16

what are the 3 deviations of secondary absolute erythrocytosis

Answer 16

1. appropriate - low arterial oxygen
2. inappropriate - normal arterial oxygen
3. endocrinopathy

Question 17

what changes would be observed in dehydration-driven erythrocytosis

Answer 17

• increased PP
• increased BUN and creatine

Question 18

what changes would be observed in splenic contraction-driven erythrocytosis

Answer 18

+/- lymphocytosis

Question 19

what are the causes of absolute secondary appropriate erythrocytosis

Answer 19

• chronic heart disease
• cardiac shunt
• pulmonary disease
• high altitude

Question 20

what are the causes of absolute secondary inappropriate erythrocytosis

Answer 20

renal disease

Question 21

What measurement would definitively support absolute primary erythrocytosis

Answer 21

normal or decreased EPO

Question 22

Characterize the blood test:

WBC 17.96 (4.39 - 11.61)
RBC 11.51 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 22 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 70.9 (39.2 - 55.9)
MCH 19.1 (20.2 - 25.3)
PCV 69 (39 - 58)

Answer 22

absolute secondary appropriate erythrocytosis

Question 23

What indices are used to classify anemia

Answer 23

MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW

Question 24

What are the two causes of regenerative anemia

Answer 24

1. hemorrhage
2. hemolysis

Question 25

what are the two causes of non-regenerative anemia

Answer 25

1. primary (neoplasia, toxicity) 2. secondary (decreased erythropoietin)

Question 26

When is the max production of reticulocytes after blood loss

Answer 26

4-7 days

Question 27

what does the degree of response (reticulocytosis) depend on

Answer 27

1. species 2. severity of anemia 3. acuteness of insult 4. ability to respond

Question 28

T/F: ruminants have a weak response to anemia

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

what would indicate regeneration in ruminants

Answer 29

polychromasia and basophilic stippling

Question 30

T/F: if reticulocytes are above the reference intervals then there is regeneration

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

PCV/Hct increase indicates

Answer 31

regeneration

Question 32

the most common RBC indices is

Answer 32

normocytic normochromic

Question 33

microcytic hypochromic indicates

Answer 33

iron deficiency

Question 34

macrocytic hypochromic indicates

Answer 34

regenerative anemia

Question 35

microcytic indicates

Answer 35

iron deficiency portosystemic shunt heritable (Asian dog breeds)

Question 36

macrocytic indicates

Answer 36

regenerative anemia defective erythropoiesis (FeLV)

Question 37

What are the 4 common causes of anemia

Answer 37

1. blood loss 2. hemolysis 3. decreased production 4. fragmentation

Question 38

Characterize the chihuahua blood test: WBC 29.83 (4.39 - 11.61) RBC 2.74 (5.7 - 8.01) Hgb 7.3 (13.8 - 20.3) Hct 23.1 (39.2 - 55.9) MCV 84.1 (64 - 75.2) MCH 27.2 (22.7 - 26.8) MCHC 37.4 (34.5 - 36.6) RDW 14.3 (11.3 - 13.5) PCV 24 (39 - 58) morph - polychromasia, heinz bodies

Answer 38

moderate regenerative macrocytic anemia w/ increased MCHC diagnosis: oxidative hemolytic anemia

Question 39

Characterize the cairn terrier blood test: RBC 2.05 (5.7 - 8.01) Hgb 4.8 (13.8 - 20.3) Hct 14.3 (39.2 - 55.9) platelet 748 (190 - 468) PCV 13 (39 - 58)

Answer 39

severe non-regenerative normocytic anemia