Lecture 24 - RBC Interpretation 1 Flashcards
T/F: Erythrocytes are continuously produced and destroyed
TRUE
________ is too many RBCs and ________ is too few RBCs
erythrocytosis; anemia
where is erythropoietin produced?
kidneys
what three things that EPO do?
- promote proliferation
- promote early reticulocyte release
- shortens maturation time
T/F: mammalian RBCs have a nucleus and machinery that allow them to make new proteins
FALSE - no nucleus; cannot make new proteins
Where are old RBCs “cleared” and by what
spleen; macrophages
Hemoglobin is recycled to
bilirubin
Old RBCs have decreased what
enzymatic activity and membrane deformability
increased conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin can both indicate
hemolytic anemia
erythrocytosis is marked by
increased PCV, Hct, Hgb, and RBC
T/F: athletic breeds (hot-blooded horses and greyhounds) have higher PCV/Hct in health
TRUE
How are absolute and relative erythrocytosis different
absolute is a true increase in RBCs and relative is regarding plasma
What are the two deviations of relative erythrocytosis
- dehydration (hemoconcentration)
- splenic contraction (epinephrine response)
Primary absolute erythrocytosis is
EPO-independent
Secondary absolute erythrocytosis is
EPO-dependent
what are the 3 deviations of secondary absolute erythrocytosis
- appropriate - low arterial oxygen
- inappropriate - normal arterial oxygen
- endocrinopathy
what changes would be observed in dehydration-driven erythrocytosis
- increased PP
- increased BUN and creatine
what changes would be observed in splenic contraction-driven erythrocytosis
+/- lymphocytosis
what are the causes of absolute secondary appropriate erythrocytosis
- chronic heart disease
- cardiac shunt
- pulmonary disease
- high altitude
what are the causes of absolute secondary inappropriate erythrocytosis
renal disease
What measurement would definitively support absolute primary erythrocytosis
normal or decreased EPO
Characterize the blood test:
WBC 17.96 (4.39 - 11.61)
RBC 11.51 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 22 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 70.9 (39.2 - 55.9)
MCH 19.1 (20.2 - 25.3)
PCV 69 (39 - 58)
absolute secondary appropriate erythrocytosis
What indices are used to classify anemia
MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
What are the two causes of regenerative anemia
- hemorrhage
- hemolysis
what are the two causes of non-regenerative anemia
- primary (neoplasia, toxicity)
- secondary (decreased erythropoietin)
When is the max production of reticulocytes after blood loss
4-7 days
what does the degree of response (reticulocytosis) depend on
- species
- severity of anemia
- acuteness of insult
- ability to respond
T/F: ruminants have a weak response to anemia
TRUE
what would indicate regeneration in ruminants
polychromasia and basophilic stippling
T/F: if reticulocytes are above the reference intervals then there is regeneration
TRUE
PCV/Hct increase indicates
regeneration
the most common RBC indices is
normocytic normochromic
microcytic hypochromic indicates
iron deficiency
macrocytic hypochromic indicates
regenerative anemia
microcytic indicates
iron deficiency
portosystemic shunt
heritable (Asian dog breeds)
macrocytic indicates
regenerative anemia
defective erythropoiesis (FeLV)
What are the 4 common causes of anemia
- blood loss
- hemolysis
- decreased production
- fragmentation
Characterize the chihuahua blood test:
WBC 29.83 (4.39 - 11.61)
RBC 2.74 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 7.3 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 23.1 (39.2 - 55.9)
MCV 84.1 (64 - 75.2)
MCH 27.2 (22.7 - 26.8)
MCHC 37.4 (34.5 - 36.6)
RDW 14.3 (11.3 - 13.5)
PCV 24 (39 - 58)
morph - polychromasia, heinz bodies
moderate regenerative macrocytic anemia w/ increased MCHC
diagnosis: oxidative hemolytic anemia
Characterize the cairn terrier blood test:
RBC 2.05 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 4.8 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 14.3 (39.2 - 55.9)
platelet 748 (190 - 468)
PCV 13 (39 - 58)
severe non-regenerative normocytic anemia
