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Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 24 - RBC Interpretation 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 24 - RBC Interpretation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Erythrocytes are continuously produced and destroyed

A

TRUE

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2
Q

________ is too many RBCs and ________ is too few RBCs

A

erythrocytosis; anemia

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3
Q

where is erythropoietin produced?

A

kidneys

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4
Q

what three things that EPO do?

A
  1. promote proliferation
  2. promote early reticulocyte release
  3. shortens maturation time
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5
Q

T/F: mammalian RBCs have a nucleus and machinery that allow them to make new proteins

A

FALSE - no nucleus; cannot make new proteins

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6
Q

Where are old RBCs “cleared” and by what

A

spleen; macrophages

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7
Q

Hemoglobin is recycled to

A

bilirubin

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8
Q

Old RBCs have decreased what

A

enzymatic activity and membrane deformability

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9
Q

increased conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin can both indicate

A

hemolytic anemia

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10
Q

erythrocytosis is marked by

A

increased PCV, Hct, Hgb, and RBC

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11
Q

T/F: athletic breeds (hot-blooded horses and greyhounds) have higher PCV/Hct in health

A

TRUE

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12
Q

How are absolute and relative erythrocytosis different

A

absolute is a true increase in RBCs and relative is regarding plasma

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13
Q

What are the two deviations of relative erythrocytosis

A
  1. dehydration (hemoconcentration)
  2. splenic contraction (epinephrine response)
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14
Q

Primary absolute erythrocytosis is

A

EPO-independent

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15
Q

Secondary absolute erythrocytosis is

A

EPO-dependent

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16
Q

what are the 3 deviations of secondary absolute erythrocytosis

A
  1. appropriate - low arterial oxygen
  2. inappropriate - normal arterial oxygen
  3. endocrinopathy
17
Q

what changes would be observed in dehydration-driven erythrocytosis

A
  • increased PP
  • increased BUN and creatine
18
Q

what changes would be observed in splenic contraction-driven erythrocytosis

A

+/- lymphocytosis

19
Q

what are the causes of absolute secondary appropriate erythrocytosis

A
  • chronic heart disease
  • cardiac shunt
  • pulmonary disease
  • high altitude
20
Q

what are the causes of absolute secondary inappropriate erythrocytosis

A

renal disease

21
Q

What measurement would definitively support absolute primary erythrocytosis

A

normal or decreased EPO

22
Q

Characterize the blood test:

WBC 17.96 (4.39 - 11.61)
RBC 11.51 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 22 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 70.9 (39.2 - 55.9)
MCH 19.1 (20.2 - 25.3)
PCV 69 (39 - 58)

A

absolute secondary appropriate erythrocytosis

23
Q

What indices are used to classify anemia

A

MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW

24
Q

What are the two causes of regenerative anemia

A
  1. hemorrhage
  2. hemolysis
25
Q

what are the two causes of non-regenerative anemia

A
  1. primary (neoplasia, toxicity)
  2. secondary (decreased erythropoietin)
26
Q

When is the max production of reticulocytes after blood loss

A

4-7 days

27
Q

what does the degree of response (reticulocytosis) depend on

A
  1. species
  2. severity of anemia
  3. acuteness of insult
  4. ability to respond
28
Q

T/F: ruminants have a weak response to anemia

A

TRUE

29
Q

what would indicate regeneration in ruminants

A

polychromasia and basophilic stippling

30
Q

T/F: if reticulocytes are above the reference intervals then there is regeneration

A

TRUE

31
Q

PCV/Hct increase indicates

A

regeneration

32
Q

the most common RBC indices is

A

normocytic normochromic

33
Q

microcytic hypochromic indicates

A

iron deficiency

34
Q

macrocytic hypochromic indicates

A

regenerative anemia

35
Q

microcytic indicates

A

iron deficiency
portosystemic shunt
heritable (Asian dog breeds)

36
Q

macrocytic indicates

A

regenerative anemia
defective erythropoiesis (FeLV)

37
Q

What are the 4 common causes of anemia

A
  1. blood loss
  2. hemolysis
  3. decreased production
  4. fragmentation
38
Q

Characterize the chihuahua blood test:

WBC 29.83 (4.39 - 11.61)
RBC 2.74 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 7.3 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 23.1 (39.2 - 55.9)
MCV 84.1 (64 - 75.2)
MCH 27.2 (22.7 - 26.8)
MCHC 37.4 (34.5 - 36.6)
RDW 14.3 (11.3 - 13.5)
PCV 24 (39 - 58)

morph - polychromasia, heinz bodies

A

moderate regenerative macrocytic anemia w/ increased MCHC

diagnosis: oxidative hemolytic anemia

39
Q

Characterize the cairn terrier blood test:

RBC 2.05 (5.7 - 8.01)
Hgb 4.8 (13.8 - 20.3)
Hct 14.3 (39.2 - 55.9)
platelet 748 (190 - 468)
PCV 13 (39 - 58)

A

severe non-regenerative normocytic anemia

Animal Health & Disease 1 (52 decks)

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