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Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 22 - hematology > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - hematology Flashcards

1
Q

coagulation

A

clotting

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2
Q

what are examples of laboratory anticoagulants

A

EDTA, heparin

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3
Q

what are examples of therapeutic anticoagulants

A

heparin, aspirin

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4
Q

what are examples of toxic anticoagulants

A

rodenticides (warfarin)

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5
Q

A CBC includes what 4 things

A
  1. plasma protein
  2. erythrogram
  3. leukogram
  4. thrombogram
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6
Q

what is found in the cellular component of blood

A

RBCS

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7
Q

What is found in the buffy coat component of blood

A

WBCs and platelets

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8
Q

What is found in the plasma component of blood

A

water, proteins, electrolytes, gasses, hormones, waste

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9
Q

what do erythrocytes do

A

transport oxygen and CO2

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10
Q

what do leukocytes do

A

innate and adaptive immune system

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11
Q

what do platelets do

A

hemostasis

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12
Q

As RBC undergoes maturation what decreases and what increases

A

decreased size, basophilia
increased hemoglobin formation

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13
Q

heme synthesis requires what

A

iron

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14
Q

inadequate iron early in development results in

A

smaller cells (decreased MCV)

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15
Q

inadequate iron prolonged results in

A

smaller cells with decreased HgB content (decreased MCHC)

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16
Q

abnormal hemoglobin is unable to bind what

A

oxygen

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17
Q

what is the proliferation pool

A

cells that can divide (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte)

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18
Q

what is the maturation pool

A

maturation only (meta-myelocyte, band neutrophil, mature neutrophil)

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19
Q

what is the storage pool

A

bone marrow reserves

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20
Q

what are the 5 cell types in platelet production

A
  1. stem cell
  2. progenitor cell
  3. immature megakaryocyte
  4. mature megakaryocyte
  5. platelets
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21
Q

what two methods do CBC integrate results from

A
  1. automated
  2. manual
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22
Q

What components of the CBC does a microhematocrit tube give

A

PCV
total plasma protein
fibrinogen

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23
Q

increased PCV is

A

erythrocytosis

24
Q

decreased PCV is

A

anemia

25
Q

increased fibrinogen indicates

A

inflammation

26
Q

What components of a CBC does a hematology analyzer give

A

cell counts
hemoglobin
cell parameters
+/- reticulocyte count

27
Q

Impedance looks at

A

cell count and size
3 differentials (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes)

28
Q

Flow cytometry looks at

A

cell count, size, and morphologic features
5 differentials (neut., mono, lymph, eosin-, baso-)

29
Q

What components of a CBC do blood smears give

A

WBC differential
confirms platelet count
cell morphology

30
Q

spherocytes indicate

A

immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

31
Q

plasma protein refers to

A

(TPP) protein in the liquid portion of the blood

32
Q

serum protein refers to

A

(TP) protein in liquid after clotting

33
Q

what protein measures fibrinogen

A

serum protein

34
Q

what are the 3 categories that could indicate why plasma protein is increased

A
  1. artifact - lipemia, glucose, anything that refracts
  2. relative (dehydration)
  3. Absolute - increased globulin (cancer, inflammation) or hyperfibrinogenemia
35
Q

what are the 2 categories that could indicate why plasma protein is decreased

A
  1. relative (overhydration)
  2. absolute - loss, decreased production, and failure of passive transfer
36
Q

explain loss in regards to decreased plasma protein

A

blood loss
hemorrhage inside body
kidney, GI, burn, or wounds

37
Q

explain decreased production in regards to decreased plasma protein

A

liver failure (no albumin)
immunodeficiencies (no immunoglobulins)

38
Q

an erythrogram, plasma protein can help distinguish the causes of

A

erythrocytosis and anemia

39
Q

a leukogram, plasma protein can support the claim of

A

inflammation or neoplasia

40
Q

RBC

A

count of red blood cells

41
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

free hemoglobin per volume of blood

42
Q

Hct

A

percentage of blood occupied by RBCs

43
Q

PCV

A

percentage of blood occupied by RBCs

44
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume
average size of RBCs

44
Q

what is the difference between Hct and PCV

A

Hct = calculated
PCV = direct measurement

45
Q

macrolytic

A

increased RBC size

46
Q

microlytic

A

decreased RBC size

47
Q

RDW

A

red cell distribution width
variability in RBC size

48
Q

an increased RDW indicates

A

more RBC variability

49
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin
amount of hemoglobin per RBC

50
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
average amount of hemoglobin per volume of RBC

51
Q

T/F: increased MCHC is ALWAYS an artifact

A

TRUE

52
Q

what are measured directly

A

PCV
Hgb
RBC
MCV

53
Q

what are calculated values in a CBC

A

Hct
MCV
MCH
MCHC

54
Q

what are reticulocytes used to assess

A

whether anemia is regenerative or non-regenerative

55
Q

RBC morphologic changes can narrow what

A

cause of anemia

56
Q

hypochromic

A

decreased MCHC

Animal Health & Disease 1 (50 decks)

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