Lecture 22 - hematology Flashcards
coagulation
clotting
what are examples of laboratory anticoagulants
EDTA, heparin
what are examples of therapeutic anticoagulants
heparin, aspirin
what are examples of toxic anticoagulants
rodenticides (warfarin)
A CBC includes what 4 things
- plasma protein
- erythrogram
- leukogram
- thrombogram
what is found in the cellular component of blood
RBCS
What is found in the buffy coat component of blood
WBCs and platelets
What is found in the plasma component of blood
water, proteins, electrolytes, gasses, hormones, waste
what do erythrocytes do
transport oxygen and CO2
what do leukocytes do
innate and adaptive immune system
what do platelets do
hemostasis
As RBC undergoes maturation what decreases and what increases
decreased size, basophilia
increased hemoglobin formation
heme synthesis requires what
iron
inadequate iron early in development results in
smaller cells (decreased MCV)
inadequate iron prolonged results in
smaller cells with decreased HgB content (decreased MCHC)
abnormal hemoglobin is unable to bind what
oxygen
what is the proliferation pool
cells that can divide (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte)
what is the maturation pool
maturation only (meta-myelocyte, band neutrophil, mature neutrophil)
what is the storage pool
bone marrow reserves
what are the 5 cell types in platelet production
- stem cell
- progenitor cell
- immature megakaryocyte
- mature megakaryocyte
- platelets
what two methods do CBC integrate results from
- automated
- manual
What components of the CBC does a microhematocrit tube give
PCV
total plasma protein
fibrinogen
increased PCV is
erythrocytosis
decreased PCV is
anemia
increased fibrinogen indicates
inflammation
What components of a CBC does a hematology analyzer give
cell counts
hemoglobin
cell parameters
+/- reticulocyte count
Impedance looks at
cell count and size
3 differentials (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes)
Flow cytometry looks at
cell count, size, and morphologic features
5 differentials (neut., mono, lymph, eosin-, baso-)
What components of a CBC do blood smears give
WBC differential
confirms platelet count
cell morphology
spherocytes indicate
immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
plasma protein refers to
(TPP) protein in the liquid portion of the blood
serum protein refers to
(TP) protein in liquid after clotting
what protein measures fibrinogen
serum protein
what are the 3 categories that could indicate why plasma protein is increased
- artifact - lipemia, glucose, anything that refracts
- relative (dehydration)
- Absolute - increased globulin (cancer, inflammation) or hyperfibrinogenemia
what are the 2 categories that could indicate why plasma protein is decreased
- relative (overhydration)
- absolute - loss, decreased production, and failure of passive transfer
explain loss in regards to decreased plasma protein
blood loss
hemorrhage inside body
kidney, GI, burn, or wounds
explain decreased production in regards to decreased plasma protein
liver failure (no albumin)
immunodeficiencies (no immunoglobulins)
an erythrogram, plasma protein can help distinguish the causes of
erythrocytosis and anemia
a leukogram, plasma protein can support the claim of
inflammation or neoplasia
RBC
count of red blood cells
Hb, Hgb
free hemoglobin per volume of blood
Hct
percentage of blood occupied by RBCs
PCV
percentage of blood occupied by RBCs
MCV
mean corpuscular volume
average size of RBCs
what is the difference between Hct and PCV
Hct = calculated
PCV = direct measurement
macrolytic
increased RBC size
microlytic
decreased RBC size
RDW
red cell distribution width
variability in RBC size
an increased RDW indicates
more RBC variability
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
amount of hemoglobin per RBC
MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
average amount of hemoglobin per volume of RBC
T/F: increased MCHC is ALWAYS an artifact
TRUE
what are measured directly
PCV
Hgb
RBC
MCV
what are calculated values in a CBC
Hct
MCV
MCH
MCHC
what are reticulocytes used to assess
whether anemia is regenerative or non-regenerative
RBC morphologic changes can narrow what
cause of anemia
hypochromic
decreased MCHC
