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Animal Health & Disease 1 > Lecture 22 - hematology > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - hematology Flashcards

1
Q

coagulation

A

clotting

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2
Q

what are examples of laboratory anticoagulants

A

EDTA, heparin

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3
Q

what are examples of therapeutic anticoagulants

A

heparin, aspirin

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4
Q

what are examples of toxic anticoagulants

A

rodenticides (warfarin)

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5
Q

A CBC includes what 4 things

A
  1. plasma protein
  2. erythrogram
  3. leukogram
  4. thrombogram
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6
Q

what is found in the cellular component of blood

A

RBCS

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7
Q

What is found in the buffy coat component of blood

A

WBCs and platelets

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8
Q

What is found in the plasma component of blood

A

water, proteins, electrolytes, gasses, hormones, waste

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9
Q

what do erythrocytes do

A

transport oxygen and CO2

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10
Q

what do leukocytes do

A

innate and adaptive immune system

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11
Q

what do platelets do

A

hemostasis

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12
Q

As RBC undergoes maturation what decreases and what increases

A

decreased size, basophilia
increased hemoglobin formation

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13
Q

heme synthesis requires what

A

iron

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14
Q

inadequate iron early in development results in

A

smaller cells (decreased MCV)

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15
Q

inadequate iron prolonged results in

A

smaller cells with decreased HgB content (decreased MCHC)

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16
Q

abnormal hemoglobin is unable to bind what

A

oxygen

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17
Q

what is the proliferation pool

A

cells that can divide (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte)

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18
Q

what is the maturation pool

A

maturation only (meta-myelocyte, band neutrophil, mature neutrophil)

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19
Q

what is the storage pool

A

bone marrow reserves

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20
Q

what are the 5 cell types in platelet production

A
  1. stem cell
  2. progenitor cell
  3. immature megakaryocyte
  4. mature megakaryocyte
  5. platelets
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21
Q

what two methods do CBC integrate results from

A
  1. automated
  2. manual
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22
Q

What components of the CBC does a microhematocrit tube give

A

PCV
total plasma protein
fibrinogen

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23
Q

increased PCV is

A

erythrocytosis

24
Q

decreased PCV is

25
increased fibrinogen indicates
inflammation
26
What components of a CBC does a hematology analyzer give
cell counts hemoglobin cell parameters +/- reticulocyte count
27
Impedance looks at
cell count and size 3 differentials (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes)
28
Flow cytometry looks at
cell count, size, and morphologic features 5 differentials (neut., mono, lymph, eosin-, baso-)
29
What components of a CBC do blood smears give
WBC differential confirms platelet count cell morphology
30
spherocytes indicate
immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
31
plasma protein refers to
(TPP) protein in the liquid portion of the blood
32
serum protein refers to
(TP) protein in liquid after clotting
33
what protein measures fibrinogen
serum protein
34
what are the 3 categories that could indicate why plasma protein is increased
1. artifact - lipemia, glucose, anything that refracts 2. relative (dehydration) 3. Absolute - increased globulin (cancer, inflammation) or hyperfibrinogenemia
35
what are the 2 categories that could indicate why plasma protein is decreased
1. relative (overhydration) 2. absolute - loss, decreased production, and failure of passive transfer
36
explain loss in regards to decreased plasma protein
blood loss hemorrhage inside body kidney, GI, burn, or wounds
37
explain decreased production in regards to decreased plasma protein
liver failure (no albumin) immunodeficiencies (no immunoglobulins)
38
an erythrogram, plasma protein can help distinguish the causes of
erythrocytosis and anemia
39
a leukogram, plasma protein can support the claim of
inflammation or neoplasia
40
RBC
count of red blood cells
41
Hb, Hgb
free hemoglobin per volume of blood
42
Hct
percentage of blood occupied by RBCs
43
PCV
percentage of blood occupied by RBCs
44
MCV
mean corpuscular volume average size of RBCs
44
what is the difference between Hct and PCV
Hct = calculated PCV = direct measurement
45
macrolytic
increased RBC size
46
microlytic
decreased RBC size
47
RDW
red cell distribution width variability in RBC size
48
an increased RDW indicates
more RBC variability
49
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin amount of hemoglobin per RBC
50
MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration average amount of hemoglobin per volume of RBC
51
T/F: increased MCHC is ALWAYS an artifact
TRUE
52
what are measured directly
PCV Hgb RBC MCV
53
what are calculated values in a CBC
Hct MCV MCH MCHC
54
what are reticulocytes used to assess
whether anemia is regenerative or non-regenerative
55
RBC morphologic changes can narrow what
cause of anemia
56
hypochromic
decreased MCHC

Animal Health & Disease 1 (52 decks)

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