Lecture 43 - Vaccination against viral disease Flashcards
what concept does the outbreak and reintroduction of measles on the Faroe Islands illustrate
immune memory may last a long time and can be maintained without re-exposure
T/F: there is a faster and more robust response against viral reinfection
FALSE
summarize
memory B cells
- spleen and lymph node
- do not produce antibodies
summarize
plasma cells
- long-lived
- bone marrow
- produce antibodies
summarize
memory T cells
- lymph and non-lymph tissues
- quickly expand and produce effector function
what cell controls reinfection
memory T cell
define vaccination
administration of viral antigens to generate immune memory
T/F: vaccination reinforces the chain of transmission
FALSE - breaks chain
what two vaccine campaigns illustrate the importance of vaccination
polio and measles vaccination
what are the requirements of an effective vaccine
- induce B and T cell responses
- subject must be protected against disease caused by virulent form
- safe
- long-lasting protection
- low cost, genetic stability, storage considerations, delivery
Active vaccines
modified form of the pathogen or pathogenic materials
gives long-term protection
passive vaccines
giving recipient products of the immune response
short-term protection
what are the 4 different types of vaccines
- whole virus (live or inactivated)
- protein (subunit or peptide)
- viral vector
- nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
summarize how attenuated vaccines are made
whole virus passaged through a series of cell cultures until the virus does not replicate efficiently in host
summarize how inactivated (killed) vaccines are made
whole virus treated with heat or chemicals to prevent replication
