Lecture 43 - Vaccination against viral disease Flashcards
what concept does the outbreak and reintroduction of measles on the Faroe Islands illustrate
immune memory may last a long time and can be maintained without re-exposure
T/F: there is a faster and more robust response against viral reinfection
FALSE
summarize
memory B cells
- spleen and lymph node
- do not produce antibodies
summarize
plasma cells
- long-lived
- bone marrow
- produce antibodies
summarize
memory T cells
- lymph and non-lymph tissues
- quickly expand and produce effector function
what cell controls reinfection
memory T cell
define vaccination
administration of viral antigens to generate immune memory
T/F: vaccination reinforces the chain of transmission
FALSE - breaks chain
what two vaccine campaigns illustrate the importance of vaccination
polio and measles vaccination
what are the requirements of an effective vaccine
- induce B and T cell responses
- subject must be protected against disease caused by virulent form
- safe
- long-lasting protection
- low cost, genetic stability, storage considerations, delivery
Active vaccines
modified form of the pathogen or pathogenic materials
gives long-term protection
passive vaccines
giving recipient products of the immune response
short-term protection
what are the 4 different types of vaccines
- whole virus (live or inactivated)
- protein (subunit or peptide)
- viral vector
- nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
summarize how attenuated vaccines are made
whole virus passaged through a series of cell cultures until the virus does not replicate efficiently in host
summarize how inactivated (killed) vaccines are made
whole virus treated with heat or chemicals to prevent replication
summarize how subunit vaccines are made
specific protein from a virus is used to generate immune response
break into components and purify viral protein
summarize how viral vector vaccines are made
viral gene sequence encoding target virus protein is packaged into different harmless delivery virus to trigger strong response
summarize how DNA vaccines are made
plasmid DNA carrying viral target gene is injected into host muscle cells
summarize how mRNA vaccines are made
mRNA sequence encoding a target virus protein is delivered in lipid nanoparticle, mRNA is translated and generates response
