protien structure and function

Question 1

protein

Answer 1

biomacromolecule
made of amino acid chains folded
into a 3D shape

Question 2

polypeptide

Answer 2

long chain of amino acids

Question 3

Peptide hormone:

Answer 3

A protein signalling molecule that regulates physiology or behaviour.

Question 4

Carboxyl group

Answer 4

the functional group on amino acid molecules that contains a hydroxyl (-OH) and an oxygen double-bonded to a carbon atom.

Question 5

Amino group:

Answer 5

the functional group on amino acid molecules that is made up of one nitrogen and two hydrogens (NH2).

Question 6

R-group:

Answer 6

the variable portion of an amino acid molecule. determines the identity of the amino acid.

Question 7

Condensation reaction:

Answer 7

a reaction where two monomers join to form a larger molecule, producing water as a by-product.

Question 8

Proteome:

Answer 8

All the proteins that are expressed by a cell or organism at a given time.

Question 9

Amino Acid Structure

Answer 9

• each amino acid is made of a central carbon, amino group (NH2), CARBOXYL group (COOH), and r group

Question 10

protien structure

Answer 10

Repeating units of monomers can join together through a condensation reaction to form polymers called polypeptides. This forms a peptide bond between each monomer unit of amino acids. occurs in ribosomes.

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Answer 11

large polymers of nucleotides monomers that store genetic information n help with the synthesis of proteins

Question 12

2 types of nucleic acids

Answer 12

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 13

simil of dna and rna They both have the same basic structure:

Answer 13

A phosphate group
A five-carbon (pentose) sugar ring
A nitrogen containing base (nitrogenous base)

Question 14

Their main difference

Answer 14

is the presence or absence of an oxygen atom at the 1 prime positon of the five-carbon sugar ring. deox = no oxy

Question 15

The Protein Secretory Pathway

Answer 15

involves various different organelles that produce, fold, modify, and package proteins,exporting them from the cell via exocytosis.

Question 16

exocytosis:

Answer 16

process by which contents of a vesicle are released from a cell, form of bulk transport and active transport ( requires energy)

Question 17

process of exocytosis :

Answer 17

1. vesicle containing secretoy products is transported to PM
2. Membrane of vesicle fuses with PM
3. secretory products are released from the cell ino extracellular env

Question 18

messenger rna
mRNA:

Answer 18

Carries genetic information from nucleus to protein for protein synthesis

Question 19

tRNA: transfer

Answer 19

delivers specific amino acids to the ribosomes.

Question 20

ribosomal rRNA:

Answer 20

serves as the structural component of ribosomes within cells.

Question 21

Transcription:

Answer 21

The process whereby a sequence of DNA is used as a template to produce a complementary sequence of mRNA

Question 22

transaltion

Answer 22

The process where an mRNA sequence is read to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence to build a polypeptide

Question 23

dna structure

Answer 23

two polynucleotide chains which run antiparallel to each other

The nucleotides from each chain forms a hydrogen bond CG AT

Question 24

DNA forms

Answer 24

a double helix which coils around histone proteins

Question 25

pre mRNA TO mRNA TRANSCRIPTOIN

Answer 25

1. initation:transcriptiors factors bind to promotor region to intiate, RNA polymerase binds to promotor region and signals weak hydrogen bonds in dna to break
2. polymares moves along dna template strand, adding rna nucleotides to growing mRNA strand
3. reaches end

Question 26

TRANSLATION

Answer 26

1. intiation: mRNA molecule binds to ribosome and is read til a start codon is recognised (aug)
2. elongationmRNA molecule is fed through the ribosome so next codon can be matched to its complimentory tRNA
3. stop codon signifies for termination