BIOCHAP8A+B Flashcards
Natural passive immunity
created when individual acquires antibodies from a ‘natural’, non-medical external source
Natural active immunity:
when individual’s own immune system encounters a pathogen and mounts a response against it
Natural passive immunity
Breast feeding:
Placenta:
milk delivers antibodies absorbed by the baby and protects their own immune system
antibodies in mother’s blood cross the placenta and confer protection during pregnancy
Artificially acquired active immunity:
formed after vaccine, when an individual receives an injection of performed antibodies
Vaccines
medical treatments, components that resemble certain pathogen’s antigens.
Components can be weakened, inactivated, to enter immune cells to make pathogen-like proteins
Vaccines
2 main phases to form artificial active immunity
After first vaccine, there’s a delay in adaptive immune system’s response. Takes time for antigen presenting cells to find T and B cells for it to occur. then primary immune response takes place and antibodies and memory cells are formed
After second, memory cells created by first vaccine recognize antigen and mount a rapid secondary immune response, resulting in generation of antibodies and memory cells that create long lasting immunity
Herd immunity
majority of people in a community are immune to a particular pathogen, prevents the spread of the pathogen to those who haven’t been vaccinated
Epidemic:
dramatically increased occurrence of a disease in a particular community at a particular time
Pandemic:
an epidemic that has spread across multiple countries
Endemic:
when a disease occurs at a relatively constant baseline level in a population
Emerging diseases:
havnt occurred in humans before, have occurred previously but only affected particular populations in isolated places
Re-emerging diseases:
diseases that were once major public health problems and then declined dramatically, but are again becoming health problems for a large number of people.
factors contributing to emerging and reemerging diseases:
travel, tech (disease caused by pathogen inhibiting aircon systems), increase pop, insufficient vacc of pop
Pathogens introduced by European arrival to Australia
Lack of immunity in the Indigenous population: they lacked immunity as they have never encountered the disease when young = severe experiences as an adult when they contract the disease.
Lack of knowledge and experience with European diseases: they can manage diseases they’ve encountered for centuries, but with the new diseases, there was no knowledge on how to avoid or treat the infections.
