BIOCHAP7D

Question 1

Myeloma cells:

Answer 1

rapidly-dividing cancerous plasma cells fuses with extracted B cells from mice to produce hybridomas

Question 2

hybridomas:

Answer 2

product of the fusion between a mouse’s extracted plasma cells and a myeloma cells

Question 3

Apoptosis:

Answer 3

controlled death of cells in the body

Question 4

Immunosuppression:

Answer 4

reduction in the ability of the immune system to generate an immune response

Question 5

Immune deficiency:

Answer 5

immune system is no longer able to protect the body against infection or disease.

Question 6

Autoantibodies:

Answer 6

antibodies directed against an organism’s own tissues

Question 7

Autoreactive:

Answer 7

a cell that recognises a self-tissue or self-antigen as non-self

Question 8

Immunotherapy

Answer 8

Form of medical treatment that modulates the functioning of the immune system in order to treat disease

Question 9

2 categories of immunotherapy

Answer 9

Activation immunotherapies: aims to induce an immune response

Suppression immunotherapies: aims to prevent immune response

Question 10

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 10

• Antibodies produced in a lab that bind to a specific antigen
• used to treat diseases in non-immunotherapeutic ways without modulating the immune system

Question 11

how are monoclonal antibodies produced

Answer 11

1. identification of antigen
2. vaccination of mouse with antigen
3. extrction of mouse B cell
4. fusion of mouse B cells with myeloma cells to form hybridomas

5.selection of appropriate hybridoma

6. collection and purification of antibodies

Question 12

Activation immunotherapy

Answer 12

Used to help the immune system recognize and destroy cancerous cells

Question 13

2 types of activatin immuntherapy

Answer 13

Naked monoclonal antibodies (do not have any drugs or added materials)

Conjugated monoclonal antibodies

Question 14

Activation immunotherapy-

They have three main mechanisms of action against cancer cells:

Answer 14

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Complement activation

Checkpoint inhibition

Question 15

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Answer 15

monoclonal antibodies attach to cancer cells, causing NK cell o recognise it as foriegn and kill it

Question 16

Complement activation

Answer 16

monoclonal antibody interact ith complement protien, initiating formation of MAC (membrane attack complex)

Question 17

Checkpoint inhibition

Answer 17

refulators in immune system that wen activated, suppress the immune system

Question 18

Other non-immunotherapy ways monoclonal antibodies can be used to treat cancer:

Answer 18

blocking cell growth by blocking the connection between a cancer cell and proteins that promote cell growth

triggering cell membrane destruction or apoptosis.