BIOCHAP7D Flashcards
Myeloma cells:
rapidly-dividing cancerous plasma cells fuses with extracted B cells from mice to produce hybridomas
hybridomas:
product of the fusion between a mouse’s extracted plasma cells and a myeloma cells
Apoptosis:
controlled death of cells in the body
Immunosuppression:
reduction in the ability of the immune system to generate an immune response
Immune deficiency:
immune system is no longer able to protect the body against infection or disease.
Autoantibodies:
antibodies directed against an organism’s own tissues
Autoreactive:
a cell that recognises a self-tissue or self-antigen as non-self
Immunotherapy
Form of medical treatment that modulates the functioning of the immune system in order to treat disease
2 categories of immunotherapy
Activation immunotherapies: aims to induce an immune response
Suppression immunotherapies: aims to prevent immune response
Monoclonal antibodies
- Antibodies produced in a lab that bind to a specific antigen
- used to treat diseases in non-immunotherapeutic ways without modulating the immune system
how are monoclonal antibodies produced
- identification of antigen
- vaccination of mouse with antigen
- extrction of mouse B cell
- fusion of mouse B cells with myeloma cells to form hybridomas
5.selection of appropriate hybridoma
- collection and purification of antibodies
Activation immunotherapy
Used to help the immune system recognize and destroy cancerous cells
2 types of activatin immuntherapy
Naked monoclonal antibodies (do not have any drugs or added materials)
Conjugated monoclonal antibodies
Activation immunotherapy-
They have three main mechanisms of action against cancer cells:
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Complement activation
Checkpoint inhibition
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
monoclonal antibodies attach to cancer cells, causing NK cell o recognise it as foriegn and kill it
Complement activation
monoclonal antibody interact ith complement protien, initiating formation of MAC (membrane attack complex)
Checkpoint inhibition
refulators in immune system that wen activated, suppress the immune system
Other non-immunotherapy ways monoclonal antibodies can be used to treat cancer:
blocking cell growth by blocking the connection between a cancer cell and proteins that promote cell growth
triggering cell membrane destruction or apoptosis.
