BIOCHAP9A

Question 1

Gene pool:

Answer 1

complete set of alleles present within a population

Question 2

Allele frequency:

Answer 2

proportion of certain alleles in a gene pool

Question 3

Aneuploidy:

Answer 3

cell varies in the usual amount of chromosomes in its genome by the addition or loss of a chromosome

Question 4

Polyploidy:

Answer 4

organism contains additional sets of chromosomes in its genome

Question 5

Mutations

Answer 5

permanent changes to DNA sequence of an indiv and can occur either spontaneously or be induced by agents-mutagens

Question 6

Mutations

Three main effects:

Answer 6

Advantageous
Neutral
deleterious

Question 7

Mutations
Three main effects:
e.g

Answer 7

deleterious: mutation leads to the production of an abnormally functioning protein

advantageous: leads to the production of a protein, enhances the survivability of an individual,

Question 8

Mutations
For the mutation to be heritable,

Answer 8

must occur in an individual’s germline cells

Question 9

Mutations

If the mutation occurs in a somatic cell,

Answer 9

it is not heritable

Question 10

Mutations can be categorised as either:

Answer 10

point mutations: affects a single nucleotide base

block mutations: affects a larger cluster of nucleotides

Question 11

Point mutations

Answer 11

Silent mutations: no effect on resulting amino acid sequence.

Missense mutations: causes change in code for amino acid, changes to the folding and function of the protein.

Nonsense mutations: prematurely ends the translation of a gene’s mRNA.

Frameshift mutations: addition or deletion of one or two nucleotides, alterering the reading frame of nucleotides.

Question 12

Block mutations

Answer 12

altering structure of chromosome by inserting, deleting, duplicating, or swapping a cluster of nucleotides

occurs during mieosis