10b bio

Question 1

challenges of cold env:

Answer 1

1. low temp
2. piercing winds
3. low availability of nutrients
4. Precipitation as snow

Question 2

challenges of cold env: low temp

Answer 2

reactions required for life may slow down or stop, water may freeze cell contents and rupture cells

Question 3

challenges of cold env: peircing winds

Answer 3

can exert strong forces on plants and increase the heat lost by an organism

Question 4

challenges of cold env: low availability of nutrients

Answer 4

lack of it restricts macromolecule synthesis & growth rate

Question 5

challenges of cold env: percipitation as snow

Answer 5

makes it difficult to obtain the liquid water required for their survival

Question 6

animals adaptations: structural

Answer 6

insulation, SA:V

Question 7

animals adaptations: structural - INSULATION

Answer 7

thick layer covering body or fat

Question 8

animals adaptations: structural - SA:V

Answer 8

animal will release heat slowly, increasing time it takes for body temp to drop - the more you resemble a sphere the easier it is to maintain a constant body tem

Question 9

animals adaptations: physiological ecto and endo

Answer 9

greater proportion of endo than ecto bc animals cannot obtain heat from an env with a lower temp than their body, theyll burrow underground

Question 10

animals adaptations: physiological

Answer 10

torpor, circulation, Countercurrent circulation,

Question 11

animals adaptations: physiological - torpor

Answer 11

hibernation

Question 13

animals adaptations: physiological - countercurrent circulation

Answer 13

Uses the heat in blood travelling from the heart, to heat cool blood returning from the animals periphery, core body temperature is not lowered.

Question 14

animals adaptations: behaviour

Answer 14

1. seeking shelter
2. reducing exposed surfac area
3. hudding
4. Migrating to warmer climate

Question 15

animals adaptations: behaviour - seeking shelter

Answer 15

surrounding themselves in microenvironment, den burrow

Question 16

animals adaptations: behaviour - reducing exposed surface area

Answer 16

Objects with lower SA:V ratios will release less heat. Many animals will hide or protect their peripherals as the temperature drops, curl up, stand on one leg

Question 17

animals adaptations: behaviour - huddling

Answer 17

artificially decrease their individual SA:V ratio, decreasing the amount of heat released

Question 18

Adapting to the cold: plants

Answer 18

Freezing presents stress for alpine and cold-adapted plants, where the barrier between tolerable and intolerable can be drastic

Question 19

presents number of problems:

Answer 19

1. Enzyme & protein driven reactions progress slowly at lower temperatures
2. ice crystals within the cell can rupture cell membranes and the plant vascular system cannot transport nutrients when they are blocked

Question 20

Deciduous trees

Answer 20

drop leaves to void harsh conditions
adv: less branches break, less water and energy to survive, avoid leaf freezing tissue

Question 21

seed dormancy

Answer 21

unable to germinate during specific time under certian env conditons