3B – Factors that affect enzymes Flashcards
Temperature
Chemical reactions in our bodies speed up as our internal body temperature increases
When the temperature increase,
kinetic energy that molecules have is greater and the molecules collide with one another more frequently.
when the temp increases
enzymes and substrates move faster, allowing for more collisions and faster reactions.
Changes in optimal temperature
goes above the optimal, an enzyme is at risk of denaturing - substrate can no longer fit
Tolerance ranges
narrow range above and below the optimal temperature that enzymes can work at
ph
Acids have a low pH and (basic) solutions have a high pH
enzymes denature if they are exposed to an environment that is above or below their optimal pH
Denature:
disruption of a molecule’s structure by an external factor such as heat.
consentration - enzyme
If enzyme concentrations are high, the reaction rate will be high. due to the large number of active sites available for the substrate to bind to.
Competitive Inhibition
hindered by inhibitor molecules that binds to an enzyme’s active site. occupies and blocks the active site, substrate is unable to bind with the enzyme and no reaction will occur.
non Competitive Inhibition
inhibitor binds to an enzyme at the site other than the active site, causing a conformational change, preventing it from binding with the substrate.
reversible inhibitation
bonds formed between the enzyme and the inhibitor are weak enough to be broken
Irreversible inhibition
Inhibitors will form strong bonds that are unbreakable
Cofactors are
molecules that assists enzyme functioning
Coenzymes,
a subset of cofactors, are organic, non-protein molecules and function by assisting enzymes in catalysing reactions.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP
is the main energy transfer unit of the cell
