OE AOS2 Flashcards
custodianship
Indigenous peoples’ care of outdoor environments.
sovereignty
When two nations meet on the field of battle where one nations wants to take the land of the other nation, the end point is often a treaty.
kinship
indigineous persons relationship and resp to other pple,country and resources
treaty
terms of surrender and defeat, and involves the conditions on which the defeated nation will then relinquish sovereignty to the conquerer.
In Australia, no formal war was fought. No nation was defeated formally, so sovereignty over the land now known as Australia was never relinquished.
formal recognition of custodianship
(how the vic gov formally recognises traditional owners)
right poeple
right country
decision making
capabiliy
incorporation
formal recognition of custodianship
(how the vic gov formally recognises traditional owners)
Right people: demonstrate that they are inclusive and representative of all traditional owners wit interest to country
Right country: demonstrate a connection to a defined area of contry. agreeing on boundries with neighbours is encouraged.
Decision making: have agreed decision making structures and processes in place
Capability: need to have organisational capability to sustainably manage the legal resp that flow from formal recognition
Incorporation: need to appoint a corporation to act for them under corp aboriginal nd torres strait islanders act 2006
Formal Recognition
Once the requirements of the first four steps have been met Indigenous peoples organise together to form an incorporated group, known as a Land Council, Land and Water Council or Land and Sea Council.
next step is to seek formal recognition, which in Victoria can be done in one of three ways.
state recognition: trad owner group completes registration as a registered aboriginal party (RAP) under Aboriginal heritage Act 2006
state recognition: trad owner groups gains state gov recognition under trad owners settlement act 2019
federal recognition: trad owner group’s native title claim is assessed againts the native title act 1993 and determined by fed court
what are Registered Aboriginal Parties (RAPs)
- resp for managing all land, water and Aboriginal cultural heritage within their appointed areas.
- They are appointed by the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council, established under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006,
- are the primary source of advice and knowledge on all matters relating to Aboriginal places or Aboriginal objects in their region.
Native Title Determination
- applies to public land and waters, except where it has been ‘extinguished’ (meaning a group’s rights to native title have been withdrawn).
- includes property rights held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples under their traditional laws and customs
- Native title may be claimed in the following areas:
> vacant Crown land
> parks and public reserves
> Beaches
>land held by government agencies
> some land held for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
> oceans, seas, reefs, lakes, rivers, creeks
-application made to fed court
Formal Custodianship Implementation
After formal recognition is determined, Indigenous peoples’ groups in the form of RAPs or Land and Water Councils are able to provide a strong voice for their people and for the care of their land and waters.
- care and management
-demonstratng respect for soveriegnty of trad owners - connects indignous pple with country n dreaming
3 types of outdoor relationships
Conservation
Recreation
Economic
Conservation
taking part in activities focused on maintaining or improving the health of outdoor environments.
Motivated by desire to care
based on the belief that nature needs their help.
It can involve restoring an environment or elements of an environment.
conservation
perceptions interactions and impacts
perceptions: outdoor env need protection and care, ‘outdoors as a mother’ metaphor
interaction: weed pest control, habitat restoration, clean ups
impacts: improve biodiversity, stablises soil with revegetation, encourgage human visitation
recreation
pastimes that are a diversion from day-to-day routines.
include active or passive activities that provide participant with fun, relaxation, enjoyment
can be perceived as a playground, that provides the scope for activity.
recreation
percpetions interactions and impacts
perceptions: outdoor env r for having fun in, for excersise
interactions: bushwalking, swimming, bird watching
impacts: rubbish through high visitation, need for amentities, encourages health n wellbeing by visiting
Economic interactions
where a person’s motivation to be in the outdoor env is linked to an economic benefit to themselves.
- Growing something to be sold for profit
- Digging something from the Earth to be sold for profit
- Harvesting to be sold for profit
economics
prceptions interactions and impacts
perception: provides material for making money, there to be accessed for survival
interactions: agriculture, tours, mining
impacts: long term damage like erosion, loss of topsoil an biodiversity,
Environmental Politics in Australia
an environmental issue in Australia and related policy from two federal political parties or representatives, including at least one of:
Labor party
Liberal-National Coalition
The Greens
methods of influencing decision making
non violent protests and persuasion
- formal petitions
- campaigns
- street protests
- media based activism
methods of influencing decision making
non violent protests and persuasion
ADV
- easy to conduct and gain lots support
- reach high num of people
- clear message
methods of influencing decision making
non violent protests and persuasion
DIS
- people may sign with little knowledge, having litte impact
- meetings r often poorly attended
methods of influencing decision making
non cooperation
- strikes
-boycotts
methods of influencing decision making
non cooperation
ADV
- gain free meda attention
- brings issue to public eye
- can distrupt earrnings of company
methods of influencing decision making
non cooperation
DIS
- small groups may have little impact
- requires sgnificsnt prep and org
methods of influencing decision making
potentially violent actions
- property damage
- sabotage
-threats to use arms
methods of influencing decision making
potentially violent actions
ADV
- gains free media attention
methods of influencing decision making
potentially violent actions
DIS
- may gain wrong media attention
- illegal dangerious
diff forms of decision making processes to rsolve conflict
community consultation
consultative group formed to consult interest groups and public with specialised knowledge of the issue
-possible compromise creating a win/win
- time consuming, expensive, no agreement found
diff forms of decision making processes to rsolve conflict
use of court systems
to clarify existing laws regarding legal and appropriate use of env
- results in clear decision
- time consuming, expensive
diff forms of decision making processes to rsolve conflict
legislation (creating laws)
laws created to allow smth to take place or prevent from occuring
- clear decision made
- win/lose
diff forms of decision making processes to rsolve conflict
management plans
doc containing guidelines on how an area of public land is managed
-wide range of values can be protected
- create conflicy between groups if one is excluded from activities
diff forms of decision making processes to rsolve conflict
use of the political system
gov formulates ideas n policies on how the env is to be used
- can be debated by diff sides of argument of conlfict
- policies may be good for some n not others
diff forms of decision making processes to rsolve conflict
referundum
votes whether to accept or reject a proposed change to constitution
- everyone has a say
- expensive as outcomes can be manipulated thru media groups with lots of money
labor party (left)
- aim to create jobs, reduce power bills and emmisions by 2030
- protect env
-national water commission est
national (right)
- not support shutdown of native forestry
-protect barrier reef (water quality, conservation, protection
-emmision reduction plan
-tackle feral pests and weeds
greens party
- ban construction of new coal, oil n gas infrastructure for net zero carbon energy n safer climate by 2035
- clean green electricity renewable energy
-end land clearing
-reduce instinction
independents - helen haines
-net zero by 2050
- voted yes to fed gov amend laws to meet obj of climate agreement
- fed gov should make rapid transition to renewable energy
social debates on env issues
climate change
climate sceptic: believe that claims made by climate scientists that the climate is changing due to human activity are false
climate scienists: warn if we dont cut down on carbon pollution from activities like burnign fossil feuls, it will affect our planet
the media: debates has been disorted by media
indigneous peoples: climate change r affecting practices like frequency of cultral burning
debates on water management
debate 1: water for urban areas
projects like sugerlof pipelines n vic desalination plan address water scarcity issues
debates on water management
debate 2: water for rural areas and agriculture
challenges of water allocation and management in farming and impact on drought on farmers n env - baance water needs between agriulture and env
