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2023/24 > Biology 7A > Flashcards

Biology 7A Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A

sits in nucleus, formed by continuous pairing of base pairs, into a longer double strand nucleic chain

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2
Q

Nucleotide

A

consists of phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar

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3
Q

Nitrogen containing base:

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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4
Q

Gene

A

section of dna coding for creation of an individual polypeptide chain-acts out as a set of instructions which a cell will read to create proteins molecules for cellular functions

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5
Q

genome

A

houses all genetic info needed. each person has 2 copies of gene, one from mother and one from father

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6
Q

alleles

A

different versions of the same cell

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7
Q

haploid

A

an organism that has one set of chromosome

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8
Q

diploid

A

2 sets

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9
Q

telomeres

A

protects end of chromosome from fusing with other chromosomes

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10
Q

dna molecule

A

coiled around histone protiens

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11
Q

centromere

A

holds together 2 chromotides criticle for meiosis

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12
Q

sis chromatides

A

indentical daughter strands of a rep chromosome

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13
Q

homologous chromosome

A

pair of chromosome that carry same genes one from each parent

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14
Q

criteria for HC

A

same size&length, same centromere position and share same gene at gene loci

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15
Q

Anueploidy

A

abdnormalty, incorrect N of chromosome

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16
Q

Monosomy

A

1 missing chrom (2n-1) Turner syndrom

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17
Q

Trisomy

A

1 extra (2n+1) down syndrome

18
Q

tetra

A

2 extra (2n+2)

19
Q

polyploidy

A

chromosome abnormalty in which an organisism has more than 2 sets of each chrom

20
Q

Meiosis

A

specialised form of cell devision occuring in sexually reproducing organism and is used to produce gamets

21
Q

zygote

A

when gamets fuse together during fertalization to create 2 new copies of each chrom

22
Q

meiosis devides into

A

4 haploid cells

23
Q

process of meiosis 1

A

sep each Hc into diff cells

24
Q

Meosis 2

A

sep each sis chrom into 4 cells

25
Q

mitosis

A

cell devision resulting in the production of 2 identical copies of og cell

26
Q

crossing over

A

proess where chrom xchange geentic material during P1, resulting in new comb of genetic info

27
Q

meiosis 1

A

P1: nuclear membrane breaks down as chrom condence
M: HC line up on opposite sides of plate
A: hc MOVE APART TOWARDS OPPOSITE POLES OF CELL
T: chrom arrive at opposite ends of cell as nuclear membrane is cleaved

28
Q

Geno

A

Genetic makeup of an organism such as genes that it carries

29
Q

pheno

A

observable physicall or behavioral chracteristics of an organism

30
Q

dominant geno

A

traits expressed when an individual has 2 diff alleles for a partclar gene

31
Q

recessive

A

when they have 2 copies of the recessive allele

32
Q

homozygous

A

if both allles inherited are identical

33
Q

heterozygous

A

when an individual inherits 2 diff alleles for the same gene

34
Q

complete dominance

A

when a dominant allele is fully expressed in a ohenotype & masks the recessive

35
Q

2 other ptterns of dominance

A
  1. condominance
  2. incomplete domin
  3. sex linked geno
36
Q

condominance

A

when both alleles from geno are fully expressed in the pheno of a hetero

37
Q

incomplete dom

A

when neither allele is fully expressed

38
Q

sex linked geno

A

associated with gender specific traits nd are carried on sex chromosomes, usually reffered to x linked traits

39
Q

prportionate heritability

A

measure of how much genetic factors contribute to tge differences

40
Q

epigenetics

A

study of how env can change the way our geenes work wo changing actual dna code

41
Q

transcription

A

reading and copying a geen sequence which then moves out of nucleus to ribosomes for translation

42
Q

translation

A

mrna instructs ribosomes how to build specific proties for which the dna sequence codes - helps control cell differentiation

2023/24 (66 decks)

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