Biology 7A

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

sits in nucleus, formed by continuous pairing of base pairs, into a longer double strand nucleic chain

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

consists of phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar

Question 3

Nitrogen containing base:

Answer 3

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

section of dna coding for creation of an individual polypeptide chain-acts out as a set of instructions which a cell will read to create proteins molecules for cellular functions

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

houses all genetic info needed. each person has 2 copies of gene, one from mother and one from father

Question 6

alleles

Answer 6

different versions of the same cell

Question 7

haploid

Answer 7

an organism that has one set of chromosome

Question 8

diploid

Answer 8

2 sets

Question 9

telomeres

Answer 9

protects end of chromosome from fusing with other chromosomes

Question 10

dna molecule

Answer 10

coiled around histone protiens

Question 11

centromere

Answer 11

holds together 2 chromotides criticle for meiosis

Question 12

sis chromatides

Answer 12

indentical daughter strands of a rep chromosome

Question 13

homologous chromosome

Answer 13

pair of chromosome that carry same genes one from each parent

Question 14

criteria for HC

Answer 14

same size&length, same centromere position and share same gene at gene loci

Question 15

Anueploidy

Answer 15

abdnormalty, incorrect N of chromosome

Question 16

Monosomy

Answer 16

1 missing chrom (2n-1) Turner syndrom

Question 17

Trisomy

Answer 17

1 extra (2n+1) down syndrome

Question 18

tetra

Answer 18

2 extra (2n+2)

Question 19

polyploidy

Answer 19

chromosome abnormalty in which an organisism has more than 2 sets of each chrom

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

specialised form of cell devision occuring in sexually reproducing organism and is used to produce gamets

Question 21

zygote

Answer 21

when gamets fuse together during fertalization to create 2 new copies of each chrom

Question 22

meiosis devides into

Answer 22

4 haploid cells

Question 23

process of meiosis 1

Answer 23

sep each Hc into diff cells

Question 24

Meosis 2

Answer 24

sep each sis chrom into 4 cells

Question 25

mitosis

Answer 25

cell devision resulting in the production of 2 identical copies of og cell

Question 26

crossing over

Answer 26

proess where chrom xchange geentic material during P1, resulting in new comb of genetic info

Question 27

meiosis 1

Answer 27

P1: nuclear membrane breaks down as chrom condence M: HC line up on opposite sides of plate A: hc MOVE APART TOWARDS OPPOSITE POLES OF CELL T: chrom arrive at opposite ends of cell as nuclear membrane is cleaved

Question 28

Geno

Answer 28

Genetic makeup of an organism such as genes that it carries

Question 29

pheno

Answer 29

observable physicall or behavioral chracteristics of an organism

Question 30

dominant geno

Answer 30

traits expressed when an individual has 2 diff alleles for a partclar gene

Question 31

recessive

Answer 31

when they have 2 copies of the recessive allele

Question 32

homozygous

Answer 32

if both allles inherited are identical

Question 33

heterozygous

Answer 33

when an individual inherits 2 diff alleles for the same gene

Question 34

complete dominance

Answer 34

when a dominant allele is fully expressed in a ohenotype & masks the recessive

Question 35

2 other ptterns of dominance

Answer 35

1. condominance 2. incomplete domin 3. sex linked geno

Question 36

condominance

Answer 36

when both alleles from geno are fully expressed in the pheno of a hetero

Question 37

incomplete dom

Answer 37

when neither allele is fully expressed

Question 38

sex linked geno

Answer 38

associated with gender specific traits nd are carried on sex chromosomes, usually reffered to x linked traits

Question 39

prportionate heritability

Answer 39

measure of how much genetic factors contribute to tge differences

Question 40

epigenetics

Answer 40

study of how env can change the way our geenes work wo changing actual dna code

Question 41

transcription

Answer 41

reading and copying a geen sequence which then moves out of nucleus to ribosomes for translation

Question 42

translation

Answer 42

mrna instructs ribosomes how to build specific proties for which the dna sequence codes - helps control cell differentiation