Principles of learning Flashcards
Define learning.
A permanent change in behaviour as a result of practice.
What are the three stages of learners?
Cognitive, associative and autonomous.
What is a cognitive learner?
A novice performer who has to always think carefully about their actions as they have a low skill level.
What is an associative learner?
This is a performer who is constantly practising and has progressed from a cognitive and is trying to achieve autonomous level.
What is an autonomous performer?
An expert performer with fully developed motor programmes is able to concentrate on the fine details of the skills. Practise must be undertaken to maintain this stage.
Define a learning plateau.
A period of no improvement in performance.
What is drive reduction?
When performance decreases at the end of a task after a learning plateau.
What are the causes of a plateau?
Lack of motivation, boredom, poor coaching, limit of ability, targets are set too low, fatigue.
What are three solutions for a plateau?
Increased variety to stop boredom, a new coach could be found, a rest could be taken to stop fatigue.
What is the theory of insight learning?
The performer need to understand the full task to be able to execute it correctly. Perceptual ability is used to decide what response is needed.
What is operant conditioning?
The correct response to a situation or task is rewarded and vice versa.
What are the three parts of operant conditioning?
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment.
What is observational learning?
Performers learn new skills by observing others.
What are the four stages of observational learning?
Attention (watching a demonstration), Retention (mental picture), Motor production (physical movement), Motivation (learner will need to want to execute the skill).
What is social development?
Skill can be improved by socialisation. It is assessed through the zone of proximal development.
