Attribution Flashcards
Define attribution.
The reason explaining why something has happened.
Who can give attribution?
Coaches, managers, captains and players.
Who made the model of attribution?
Weiner (1974).
In wiener’s model, what are the 4 factors of attribution?
Ability, Effort, Task difficulty and Luck.
In Weiner’s model, what categories are under ‘locus of causality’?
Internal and external.
In Weiner’s model, which categories are under ‘stability’?
Stable and unstable.
What categories is the ability factor based around in Weiner’s model?
Stable and internal.
What categories is the task difficulty factor based around in Weiner’s model?
Stable and external.
What categories is the effort factor based around in Weiner’s model?
Unstable and internal.
What categories is the luck factor based around in Weiner’s model?
Unstable and external.
Define ‘self-serving bias’.
When winning is attributed to internal and stable factors whereas losing is attributed to external unstable factors.
What does self-serving bias cause?
An increase in confidence.
Define the term ‘learned-helplessness’.
Attributing losing to internal and stable factors.
What does learned helplessness cause?
Serious demotivation.
How can learned helplessness be overcome?
Attribution retraining.
What is attribution retraining?
Changing the reasons given for success and failure.
How can a coach use attribution retraining?
They could change the attribution of failure from weiner’s internal stable factors to external unstable factors.
How does correct attribution affect performance?
It improves task persistence.
What methods may a coach use to retrain attribution?
Set easy goals, allow for success, positive reinforcement, attribute involvement.
What are the two types of learned helplessness?
General and specific.
What is general learned helplessness?
A performer attributes their failure to themself in all activities and sports.
What is specific learned helplessness?
A performer attributes failure to themself in a specific task or area.
