POWER AND THE PEOPLE Flashcards
Why were the barons unhappy with King John in the 12th centuary
- He broke relations with the pope - risk of foreign invasion and going to hell
- High taxes - scutage
- Lost the crown jewels in the Wash
- Lost lots of land in France
Where was Magna Carta signed
Runnymede
When was Magna Carta signed
15th June 1215
How many clauses on Magna Carta
63
Give clause 61 of Magna Carta
A group of 25 barons will be created to monitor the king and ensure he commits to Magna Carta
Give clause 61 of Magna Carta
A group of 25 barons will monitor the king and ensure he commits to Magna Carta
Why wasn’t Magna Carta significant
Only affected barons - not peasants and villeins
When was the Seige of Rochester
October 1215
Who was victorious at the Seige of Rochester
King John
When did the French land in England, to take control from King John
May 1216
When did King John die
October 1216
When did King John die
October 1216
Did Magna Carta limit the King’s power
Theoretically yes - but he could go against it and no one could stop him
Who was on the throne when Simon de Montfort was around
Henry III
Why were the barons unhappy with Henry III
- Very pious - gave top jobs to Italian clergy
- Close ties to the French - aided by his marriage
- Gascon campaigns - he called de Montfort to trial for use of force to occupy French towns, and insisted his son Edward take charge
What year was the provisions of Oxford
1258
Give a clause of the Provisions of Oxford
The Great Council would have 12 elected by the barons, and 12 by the King
How did Henry overturn the Provisions of Oxford
- Barons were in two about opinions of the Provisons of Oxford
- The Pope allowed him to cancel the Provisions
- He elected only his men
What happened at the Battle of Lewes
- de Montfort had captured Henry
- He was in charge
When was the Battle of Evesham
1265
What happened at the Battle of Evesham
The barons put their support behind Henry’s son, Edwards, and killed de Montfort sending pieces of his body around the country as a warning
What was the model parliament
- In 1295, Edward established it
- Only the barons could vote (and not in secret)
When did the plague arrive in England
1348
What proportion of the population did the plague kill
A third
Why was the Statute of Labourers passed
Many peasants had been wiped out by the plague so they were in high demand and demanding high pay, or moving to neighbouring villages
When was the Statue of Labourers passed
1351
What proportion of peasants were brought before Justice of the Peace accused of breaking the statute of labourers
70%
What did the statute of labourers state
- Peasants must work for the same lord again
- They must receive the same wage they recieved before
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What tax was introduced to find the Hundred Year War
Poll tax - everyone over the age of 15 would have the pay 4 grouts a year
What religious influences did the peasants have to look up to in 1381
- Preachings of John Ball
- He was arrested
- After the revolt, he was hung and cut up
Where did the Peasant’s revolt start
30th May in Fobbing
When and where did Wat Tyler meet King Richard II
14 June at Mile End
How did the peasant’s revolt end
- One of the king’s men kills Tyler
- The peasant’s follow the king out of London
What benefits did the Peasant’s revolt have
- Poll tax was never repeated in the Medival people
- Workers wages began to rise
When was the Act of Supremacy passed
1534
What did the Act of Supremacy entail
- Became head of the Church of England
- He no longer paid taxes to the Pope
- He could divorce Cathrine of Aragon
How did Henry VIII respond to those who refused to see him as head of the church
With the help of Thomas Cromwell, passed a law to make it treason ot to accept Henry as the head of the church
Who was Thomas More
Henry VIII’s Lord Chancellor who was beheaded for refusing to accept Henry as head of the church
Why did Henry VIII dissolve the monastries
- They controlled 1/4 of the land
- Made an annual income of £200,000 - nearly double that of the king
What was the main opposition to Henry VIII’s religious reforms
Completely breaking from the church
Where did the Pilgrimage of Grace start, and who was their leader
Yorkshire in 1536, under the lawyer Robert Aske
Aims of the Pilgrimage of Grace
- Restore monastries - they weren’t as corrupt in the North
- Recognise the pope as head of the church
- Dismiss Cromwell and other advisors who were giving the KIng poor advice
How was the Pilgrimage of Grace put down
In January 1537, the rebels surrendered and 74 of them were hanged in their own gardens
What was the benefit for Henry, after dissolving the monastries
- He could build up the Royal Navy - he was still worried about a foreign attack
- Henry faced no more rebellions
- He had full control of the church in England
When did Charles I become king
1625
Why did Charles dissolve parliament
He was a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings
When did Charles begin his 11 year tyranny
1629
Who was Charles I married to, and why was this a problem
Henrietta Maria - she was a catholic and a big influence on Charles I
What tax was introduced in 1637, and what was the problem
Ship Money - normally only those living by the coast would pay it, however Charles made everyone pay
What was the star chamber
A court for anyone where Charles I was in charge
What was the short parliament
- After 11 years Charles re-called parliament as he needed money to fight the Scots
- They agreed on some terms
- He dissolved them again after a month
When did Parliament take control of the army from Charles I
1640
Who were the roundheads and who supported them
- Parliament
- Lower and middle classes
- Southern + London
Who were the cavaliers
- Royalists
- Upper classes
- Northern
How did the roundheads and caveliers fight in the English Civil War
Cavalry and Infantry
Significance of the Battle of Naseby, 1645
- The New Model Army under Cromwell was first used
- Their 14,000 men outnumbered the king’s 9,000 men
- They defeated the royalists - it was seen as a turning point
How many turned up Charles I trial
68/135 commissioners
When was Charles I found guilty of treason and sentenced to death
27th January 1649
When was Charles I executed
10AM 30th January 1649
Where was Charles executed
Whitehall
Significance of the execution of Charles for jews
They were invited back to England for the first time since 1290
Positive impacts Cromwell had as Lord Protector
- Won wars against the Dutch and Spanish
- Introduced Navigation Act
When did Charles II become king
1660
What is England and Scotland called at the time they were ruled by Cromwell
Protectorate