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GCSE > 13 INHERITANCE > Flashcards

13 INHERITANCE Flashcards

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1
Q

Shape of DNA

A

Double Helix

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2
Q

Adenine pairing

A

Thymine

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3
Q

Thymine pairing

A

Adenine

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4
Q

Cytosine pairing

A

Guanine

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5
Q

Guanine

A

Pairing

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6
Q

Where are genes and chromosomes stored

A

Nucleus contains chromosomes on which genes are located

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7
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate base, and nitrogenous base

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8
Q

What is the genome

A

The entire DNA of an organism

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9
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein

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10
Q

Shape of RNA

A

Single stranded

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11
Q

Differences from DNA and RNA

A
  • RNA is single stranded, wheras DNA is double strnaded
  • DNA has deoxyribose sugar, wheras RNA has ribose sugar
  • RNA has Uracil base, wheras DNA has thymine base
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12
Q

Adenine pairing in RNA

A

Uracil

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13
Q

Uracil pairing

A

Adenine

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14
Q

mRNA meaning

A

Messenger RNA

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15
Q

tRNA meaning

A

Transfer RNA

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16
Q

Where is mRNA made

A

Nucleus

17
Q

Where is tRNA made

A

Cytoplasm

18
Q

What is a codon

A

A sequence of 3 bases

19
Q

Are chromosomes homologous or heterozygous

A

Homologous

20
Q

What is an allele

A

A different version of a gene, which codes for a different form of protein

21
Q

XX sex chromosomes meaning

A

Female

22
Q

XY sex chromosomes meaning

A

Male

23
Q

What is genetic variation

A

Organisms with different versions of genes to another individual - sexual reproduction, or mutation

24
Q

What is environmental variation

A

When the environment affects the characteristics of an organism

25
Q

What is a combination of environmental and genetic variation

A

When both genetic and environmental factors contribute to variation

26
Q

Define an allele

A

A version of a gene

27
Q

What does homozygous mean

A

Both chromosomes have the same allele - for offspring

28
Q

In terms of alleles and inheritance, what does a dominant trait need

A

Only one allele present to be expressed

29
Q

In terms of alleles and inheritance, what does a recessive trait need

A

Two alleles present to be expressed

30
Q

What does heterozygous mean

A

Both parents contain one of each allele

31
Q

What are most phenotypic features a result of

A

Polygenic inheritance

32
Q

What is a genotype

A

The combination of alleles

33
Q

What is a phenotype

A

What is physically expressed

34
Q

If two heterozygous parents have a faulty gene that is recessive, what is their offspring called if they have the gene as a phenotype

A

Homozygous resessive

35
Q

What is codominance

A

When both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

36
Q

What pair of chromosomes determine the gender of offspring

A

23rd

37
Q

Describe Darwin’s theory of natural selection

A
  • Variation occurs due to mutations
  • Individuals with better speicialisations survive to reproduce
  • Pass on the advantageous alleles to the next generations
  • Offspring inherit advatageous characteristics
  • Less favorouble alleles become less common
  • Repeats for generations
  • Organisms with specialisations become different species

GCSE (71 decks)

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