4.2 COVALENT BONDING Flashcards
Define Covalent Bonding
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and positively charged nuclei of bonding atoms
How do you draw dot and cross covalent diagrams
- Find out how many electrons each atom has in its outer shell
- Draw them next to each other sharing electrons in pairs
- It can be more than one bond per atom
- Each atom should have a full outer shell with any excess electrons being drawn in pairs
How do you draw a stick diagrm
- Draw the symbol of the atom and however many bonds draw with a line (a double bond with have 2 lines ect.)
- Draw them up like the dot and cross diagram
What are the bonds between molecules in simple molecular substances
Intermolecular forces
What are the bond within molecules
Strong Intramolecular covalent bonds
Why does the boiling point increase in molecules a larger mass number
- As the molecular mass increases, so does the strength of the weak intermolecular forces
- So the boiling point increases as more energy is needed to overcome the weak intermolecular forces as these forces are greater
Why don’t simple molecular substances nerver conduct electricity
The molecules are always neutral
How many carbon atoms in a ball of Buckminster fullerene
60
Why is the boiling point of buckminster fullerene low but not as low as other simple molecules
It has a high molecular mass
Why is buckminster fullerene a soft and slippery solid
The molecules can roll over each other easily due to the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules
Why is buckminster fullerene an electrical insulator
The molecules are neutral and there are no delocalised electrons free to move around the structure
What is a allotrope
An all carbon substance
How is diamond arranged
- Giant lattice
- Tetrahedral
- Strong grid like arrangement
- Every carbon atom makes 4 strong intramolecular covalent bonds
- Very strong and hard
Why does diamond sublime/melt/boil at a very high temperature
- Diamond is a giant covalent structure
- The intramolecular covalent bonds are very strong
- There are lots of strong intramolecular covalent bonds in the giant covalent lattice
- Lots of energy is required to break all the strong intramolecular covalent bonds
What is the hardest substance
Diamond