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GCSE > 1 FORCES + MOTION > Flashcards

1 FORCES + MOTION Flashcards

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1
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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2
Q

Unit for distance

A

Metre (m)

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3
Q

Unit for speed

A

Metre/second (m/s)

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4
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

Metre/second (^2)

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5
Q

Unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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6
Q

Unit for time

A

Second (s)

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7
Q

Unit for gravitational field strength

A

Newton/kilogram (N/Kg)

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8
Q

Unit for moment

A

Newton metre (Nm)

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9
Q

Unit for momentum

A

Kilogram metre/second (Kg m/s)

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10
Q

Speed equation

A

Average speed = Distance moved / Time taken

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11
Q

What does the gradient represent on a distance-time graph

A

Speed

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12
Q

What is a sharp diagonal line on a distance-time graph

A

Constant speed

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13
Q

What is a flat line on a distance-time graph

A

Stationary

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14
Q

How to investigate motion with a ramp

A
  • Measure distance of ramp with ruler
  • Time from let go to down ramp with stopwatch reset at zero
  • s=d/t
  • Repeat and average
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15
Q

How to investigate motion with a ticker timer

A

*Attach tape to back of object and into timer
* Far apart dots = more distance per unit time

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16
Q

How to investigate motion with light gates

A
  • Requires an interupter card to break beam
  • S = d/t
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17
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration = change in velocity / time

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18
Q

Acceleration symbol equation

A

a = (v-u) / t

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19
Q

Speed symbol equation

A

S = d / t

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20
Q

What is the gradient on a velocity-time graph

A

Acceleration

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21
Q

What does a non-straight increasing line represent on a velocity-time graph

A

Increasing acceleration

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22
Q

What does a steady sloped line show on a velocity-time graph

A

Constant accelration/deceleration

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23
Q

How do you calculate the distance from a velocity-time graph

A

The area underneath the graph

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24
Q

What can forces do to objects

A

Change their shape, speed and direction

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25
Q

On a free-body diagram, what does the size of the arrow represent

A

The force

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26
Q

What does friction do to motion

A

Oppose it

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27
Q

Correlation between friction and motion

A

Friction opposes motion

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28
Q

How do you calculate the resultant force on a free body diagram

A

The unbalanced force

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29
Q

Define a scalar quantity

A

A quantity that has a magnitude only

30
Q

Define a vector quantity

A

A quantity that has a magnitude and a direction

31
Q

Is force a scalar or vector

A

Vector

32
Q

Stopping distance equation

A

Stopping distance - thinking distance + braking distance

33
Q

What affects thinking time

A
  • Reaction time (tierdness, drugs or alcohol)
  • Distraction of phone or music
  • Speed of car (faster speed)
34
Q

What affects braking distance

A
  • Road conditions (ice or oil)
  • Condition of brakes/tyres (affects friction that opposes motion)
  • Speed of car (faster speed)
35
Q

Weight equation

A

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

36
Q

Weight symbol equation

A

W = mg

37
Q

Force (basic) equation

A

Force = mass x acceleration

38
Q

Force (basic) symbol equation

A

F = ma

39
Q

How is terminal velocity of a falling object reached

A
  • Initially, only weight acts, causing acceleration due to gravity (there is an unbalanced force)
  • Drag opposes, and so there is less unbalanced forces, so a smaller acceleration
  • Drag increases as speed increases, so weight and drag are balanced
  • There is no resultant force, and the forces are balanced
  • Travels at a constant (terminal) velcoity, until a force is imposed
40
Q

Conservation of moments equation

A

Total moment clockwise = total moment anitclokwise

41
Q

Conservation of moments symbol equation

A

F1D1 = F2D2

42
Q

Moments equation

A

Moment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot

43
Q

Define a moment

A

The turning effect of a force

44
Q

Define the centre of gravity

A

The point at which all weight appears to act

45
Q

State Hooke’s law

A

Extension is directly proportional to the force applied

46
Q

Extension equation

A

Extension = stretched length - original (equalibrium) length

47
Q

How to set up a Hooke’s law experiment

A

Attach a spring to a clamp, next to a ruler. Add force and measure distances

48
Q

Does a spring obey Hooke’s law

A
  • Yes
  • Straight line through origin
  • Can recover original shape after force causing deformation has been removed
49
Q

Does a spring obey Hooke’s law

A
  • Yes
  • Straight line through origin
  • Can recover original shape after force causing deformation has been removed
50
Q

Does a ruber band obey Hooke’s law

A
  • No
  • Non-linear relationship
  • Curved line
51
Q

Does a metal wire obey Hooke’s law

A
  • Yes, until it’s elastic limit has been reached
  • There it becomes permenantly deformed, and won’t return to original length when force has been removed
52
Q

Does a metal wire obey Hooke’s law

A
  • Yes, until it’s elastic limit has been reached
  • There it becomes permenantly deformed, and won’t return to original length when force has been removed
53
Q

Momentum equation

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

54
Q

Momentum equation

A

Momentum = mass x velocity

55
Q

Momentum symbol equation

A

P = mv

56
Q

Impulse equation

A

Impulse = force x time

57
Q

Force (momentum) equation

A

Force = change in momentum / time

58
Q

Force (momentum) symbol equation

A

F = (mv -mu) / t

59
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

Total momentum before = total momentum after

60
Q

Conservation of momentum (symbol)

A

MaUa + MbUb = MaVa + MbVb

61
Q

Conservation of momentum (symbol)

A

MaUa + MbUb = MaVa + MbVb

62
Q

How does a safety feture prevent harm in a veichle

A
  • Impulse = force x time
  • To produce the change in momentum required to stop the car, a force needs to be applied in the opposite direction to motion
  • The feture increases the time taken to stop the care, so less force is required to change momentum
  • The car is safer
63
Q

S in SUVAT

A

Distance

64
Q

U in SUVAT

A

Initial velocity

65
Q

V in SUVAT

A

Final velocity

66
Q

A in SUVAT

A

Acceleration

67
Q

T in SUVAT

A

Time

68
Q

Final velocity symbol equation

A

V (^2) = U (^2) + 2as

69
Q

Final velocity equation

A

Final velocity (^2) = Initial velocity (^2) + (2 x acceleration x distance)

70
Q

Final velocity symbol equation (time)

A

V = U + at

71
Q

Final velocity equation (time)

A

Final velocity = Initial velocity + (acceleration x time)

72
Q

State Newton’s 3rd Law

A

If object A pushes on object B, then object B will push on object A with an equal and opposite force

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