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1 FORCES + MOTION Flashcards

1
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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2
Q

Unit for distance

A

Metre (m)

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3
Q

Unit for speed

A

Metre/second (m/s)

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4
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

Metre/second (^2)

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5
Q

Unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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6
Q

Unit for time

A

Second (s)

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7
Q

Unit for gravitational field strength

A

Newton/kilogram (N/Kg)

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8
Q

Unit for moment

A

Newton metre (Nm)

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9
Q

Unit for momentum

A

Kilogram metre/second (Kg m/s)

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10
Q

Speed equation

A

Average speed = Distance moved / Time taken

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11
Q

What does the gradient represent on a distance-time graph

A

Speed

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12
Q

What is a sharp diagonal line on a distance-time graph

A

Constant speed

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13
Q

What is a flat line on a distance-time graph

A

Stationary

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14
Q

How to investigate motion with a ramp

A
  • Measure distance of ramp with ruler
  • Time from let go to down ramp with stopwatch reset at zero
  • s=d/t
  • Repeat and average
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15
Q

How to investigate motion with a ticker timer

A

*Attach tape to back of object and into timer
* Far apart dots = more distance per unit time

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16
Q

How to investigate motion with light gates

A
  • Requires an interupter card to break beam
  • S = d/t
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17
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration = change in velocity / time

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18
Q

Acceleration symbol equation

A

a = (v-u) / t

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19
Q

Speed symbol equation

A

S = d / t

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20
Q

What is the gradient on a velocity-time graph

A

Acceleration

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21
Q

What does a non-straight increasing line represent on a velocity-time graph

A

Increasing acceleration

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22
Q

What does a steady sloped line show on a velocity-time graph

A

Constant accelration/deceleration

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23
Q

How do you calculate the distance from a velocity-time graph

A

The area underneath the graph

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24
Q

What can forces do to objects

A

Change their shape, speed and direction

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25
On a free-body diagram, what does the size of the arrow represent
The force
26
What does friction do to motion
Oppose it
27
Correlation between friction and motion
Friction opposes motion
28
How do you calculate the resultant force on a free body diagram
The unbalanced force
29
Define a scalar quantity
A quantity that has a magnitude only
30
Define a vector quantity
A quantity that has a magnitude and a direction
31
Is force a scalar or vector
Vector
32
Stopping distance equation
Stopping distance - thinking distance + braking distance
33
What affects thinking time
* Reaction time (tierdness, drugs or alcohol) * Distraction of phone or music * Speed of car (faster speed)
34
What affects braking distance
* Road conditions (ice or oil) * Condition of brakes/tyres (affects friction that opposes motion) * Speed of car (faster speed)
35
Weight equation
Weight = mass x gravitational field strength
36
Weight symbol equation
W = mg
37
Force (basic) equation
Force = mass x acceleration
38
Force (basic) symbol equation
F = ma
39
How is terminal velocity of a falling object reached
* Initially, only weight acts, causing acceleration due to gravity (there is an unbalanced force) * Drag opposes, and so there is less unbalanced forces, so a smaller acceleration * Drag increases as speed increases, so weight and drag are balanced * There is no resultant force, and the forces are balanced * Travels at a constant (terminal) velcoity, until a force is imposed
40
Conservation of moments equation
Total moment clockwise = total moment anitclokwise
41
Conservation of moments symbol equation
F1D1 = F2D2
42
Moments equation
Moment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot
43
Define a moment
The turning effect of a force
44
Define the centre of gravity
The point at which all weight appears to act
45
State Hooke's law
Extension is directly proportional to the force applied
46
Extension equation
Extension = stretched length - original (equalibrium) length
47
How to set up a Hooke's law experiment
Attach a spring to a clamp, next to a ruler. Add force and measure distances
48
Does a spring obey Hooke's law
* Yes * Straight line through origin * Can recover original shape after force causing deformation has been removed
49
Does a spring obey Hooke's law
* Yes * Straight line through origin * Can recover original shape after force causing deformation has been removed
50
Does a ruber band obey Hooke's law
* No * Non-linear relationship * Curved line
51
Does a metal wire obey Hooke's law
* Yes, until it's elastic limit has been reached * There it becomes permenantly deformed, and won't return to original length when force has been removed
52
Does a metal wire obey Hooke's law
* Yes, until it's elastic limit has been reached * There it becomes permenantly deformed, and won't return to original length when force has been removed
53
Momentum equation
Momentum = mass x velocity
54
Momentum equation
Momentum = mass x velocity
55
Momentum symbol equation
P = mv
56
Impulse equation
Impulse = force x time
57
Force (momentum) equation
Force = change in momentum / time
58
Force (momentum) symbol equation
F = (mv -mu) / t
59
Conservation of momentum
Total momentum before = total momentum after
60
Conservation of momentum (symbol)
MaUa + MbUb = MaVa + MbVb
61
Conservation of momentum (symbol)
MaUa + MbUb = MaVa + MbVb
62
How does a safety feture prevent harm in a veichle
* Impulse = force x time * To produce the change in momentum required to stop the car, a force needs to be applied in the opposite direction to motion * The feture increases the time taken to stop the care, so less force is required to change momentum * The car is safer
63
S in SUVAT
Distance
64
U in SUVAT
Initial velocity
65
V in SUVAT
Final velocity
66
A in SUVAT
Acceleration
67
T in SUVAT
Time
68
Final velocity symbol equation
V (^2) = U (^2) + 2as
69
Final velocity equation
Final velocity (^2) = Initial velocity (^2) + (2 x acceleration x distance)
70
Final velocity symbol equation (time)
V = U + at
71
Final velocity equation (time)
Final velocity = Initial velocity + (acceleration x time)
72
State Newton's 3rd Law
If object A pushes on object B, then object B will push on object A with an equal and opposite force

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