8 ASTROPHYSICS Flashcards

1
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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2
Q

Unit for distance

A

Metre (m)

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3
Q

Unit for speed

A

Metre/second (m/s)

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4
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

Metre/second [squared] (m/s[squared])

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5
Q

Unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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6
Q

Unit for time

A

Second (s)

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7
Q

Unit for gravitational field strength

A

Newton/kilogram (N/kg)

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8
Q

Define a universe

A

A large collection of billions of galaxies

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9
Q

Define a galaxy

A

A large collection of billions of stars

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10
Q

What galaxy is our solar system in

A

The Milky Way

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11
Q

In terms of g, what happens when the mass of a plant increases

A

g increases

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12
Q

What do artificial comets orbit

A

Earth

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13
Q

What do comets orbit

A

Sun

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14
Q

What does moons orbit

A

Planets

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15
Q

What do planets orbit

A

Stars

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16
Q

Shape of planet, artificial comet and moon orbit

A

Circular

17
Q

Shape of comet orbit

A

Highly eliptical

18
Q

Orbital speed word equation

A

Orbital speed = 2 x pi x orbital radius / time period

19
Q

Orbital speed symbol equation

A

V = 2 pi r / T

20
Q

First stage of all stars

A
  • Nebula
  • Star formed when nucleur fusion occurs
21
Q

Second stage of all stars

A
  • Main sequence star
  • Stable
22
Q

1st stage of massive star

A

Becomes a red supergiant

23
Q

2nd stage of massive star

A

Explodes due to high energy causing a supernova

24
Q

1st stage of regular star

A

Red giant

25
Q

2nd stage of regular star

A

Star sheds outer layers becoming white dwarf

26
Q

Where are red giants on an HR diagram

A

Top right

27
Q

Where are red giants on a HR diagram

A

Top right

28
Q

Where are white dwarfs on a HR diagram

A

Bottom left

29
Q

Where is the main sequence stars on a HR diagram

A

Top left to bottom right, with flat area in middle

30
Q

What is on the vertical axis of a HR diagram

A

Luminocity

31
Q

What is on the horizontal axis of an HR diagram

A

Temperature (from hot to cold)

32
Q

What colour are hot stars

A

Blue / White

33
Q

What colour are cold stars

A

Yellow

34
Q

Define absoloute magnitude

A

The measure of a star’s luminocity, at a standard distance

35
Q

How does red shift OF GALAXIES provide evidence for the big bang theory

A
  • Further from earth = greater red shift
  • Larger redshift means faster movement of galaxies
  • Further away = faster movement
  • Moving apart implies universe was together at some point
36
Q

How does CMB radiation provide evidence for the big bang theory

A
  • CMBR is same in all directions
  • Implies universe was together long time ago
  • Wavelength increased as universe expanded
  • Universe was hotter long ago
37
Q

Cosmology wavelength word equation

A

Change in wavelength / Referance Wavelength = Velocity of galaxy / Speed of light