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GCSE > 7 RADIOACTIVITY + PARTICLES > Flashcards

7 RADIOACTIVITY + PARTICLES Flashcards

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1
Q

Unit for radioactivity

A

Becquerel (Bq)

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2
Q

Larger number of atom

A

Mass (nucleon) number

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3
Q

Larger number of an atom

A

Mass (nucleon) number

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4
Q

Smaller number of an atom

A

Atomic (proton) number

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5
Q

Where does radiation come from

A

Emitted randomly from an unstable nucleus

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6
Q

Nature of alpha

A

Helium nucleus

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7
Q

Nature of beta

A

Fast-moving electron

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8
Q

Nature of gamma

A

Very high frequency electromagnetic wave

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9
Q

Mass of alpha

A

4

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10
Q

Mass of electron

A

1/1840

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11
Q

Mass of gamma

A

0

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12
Q

Charge of alpha

A

2+

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13
Q

Charge of beta

A

1-

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14
Q

Charge of gamma

A

0

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15
Q

Penetrating power of alpha

A

Low

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16
Q

Penetrating power of beta

A

Medium

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17
Q

Penetrating power of gamma

A

High

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18
Q

Ionising power of alpha

A

High

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19
Q

Ionising power of beta

A

Medium

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20
Q

Ionising power of gamma

A

Low

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21
Q

What stops alpha

A

Paper and thin aluminium

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22
Q

What stops beta

A

Aluminium

23
Q

What stops gamma

A

Lead and concrete

24
Q

What is contamination

A

When radioisotopes get inside an object, making the object itself radioactive

25
Q

What is irradiation

A

When radiation passes through an object causing damage due to ionisation, but not leaving the object itself radioactive

26
Q

Effect on mass number of new nucleus from alpha release

A

-4

27
Q

Effect on mass number of new nucleus from beta release

A

0

28
Q

Effect on mass number of new nucleus from gamma release

A

0

29
Q

Effect on mass number of new nucleus from positron release

A

0

30
Q

Effect on atomic number of new nucleus from alpha release

A

-2

31
Q

Effect on atomic number of new nucleus from beta release

A

1+

32
Q

Effect on atomic number of new nucleus from gamma release

A

0

33
Q

Effect on atomic number of new nucleus from positron release

A

1-

34
Q

Define half-life

A

The time taken for half the radioactive nuclei to decay

35
Q

What can detect ionising radiation

A

A geiger-muller detector, OR a photographic film

36
Q

Where does background radiation come from

A
  • Cosmic rays
  • Rocks
  • Medical equipment (x-rays)
37
Q

Uses of radiation

A
  • Medical tracers
  • Sterilising food/equipment
  • Thickness control
  • Smoke detectors
38
Q

Dangers of radiation

A
  • Cause mutations in living organisms
  • Cause cell + tissue damage
  • Cause skin burns
39
Q

How do you dispose of radioactive waste

A
  • Bury deep in concrete
  • Bury in ocean
  • Bury deep in earth
40
Q

How do you dispose of radioactive waste

A
  • Bury deep in concrete
  • Bury in ocean
  • Bury deep in earth
41
Q

Describe how power is generated in a nuclear power station

A

U-235 is bombared with slow-moving neutrons to split the nucleus into 2 daughter nuceli and some neutrons

42
Q

Function of control rods

A

Absorb extra neutrons to prevent a chain reaction

43
Q

Function of moderator

A

Slow neutrons to ensure they split nuclei

44
Q

Function of sheilding

A

Keeps radiation inside - protection

45
Q

What does a star get it’s energy source from

A

Nucluer fusion

46
Q

Nature of fusion

A

Joining of 2 light helium nuclei

47
Q

Nature of fission

A

Splitting of a heavy U-235 nucleus

48
Q

Condition for fission

A

Neutron must be moderated to a slower speed

49
Q

Condition for fission

A

Neutron must be moderated to a slower speed

50
Q

Why can fusion only occur at high pressures and temperatures

A

As it needs to overcome the electrostatic repulsion force between protons

51
Q

Disadvantage of fission

A

Produces radioactive waste

52
Q

End product of fission

A

2 daughter nuclei and some neutrons

53
Q

End product of fusion

A

A helium nucleus

54
Q

How does a chain reaction occur

A

Neutrons produced by one fission split other U-235 nuclei

GCSE (71 decks)

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