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GCSE > 5 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES > Flashcards

5 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Flashcards

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1
Q

Unit for temperature (non-gas law)

A

Degree Celcius (‘C)

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2
Q

Unit for temperature (gas law)

A

Kelvin (K)

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3
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joule (J)

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4
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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5
Q

Unit for density

A

Kilogram/metre ^3 (kg/m^3)

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6
Q

Unit for distance

A

Metre (m)

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7
Q

Unit for area

A

Metre ^2 (m^2)

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8
Q

Unit for volume

A

Metre ^3 (m^3)

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9
Q

Unit for speed

A

Metre/second (m/s)

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10
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

Metre/second ^2 (m/s^2)

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11
Q

Unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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12
Q

Unit for pressure

A

Pascal (Pa)

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13
Q

Unit for Specific Heat Capacity

A

Joules / Kilogram degree celsius (J/kg’C)

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14
Q

Density equation

A

Density = Mass / Volume

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15
Q

Density symbol equation

A

p = m / v

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16
Q

Define density

A

The ammount of mass per unit volume

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17
Q

How to find density of regular object

A
  • Find mass - use mass blance (tare/zero) [in kg]
  • Find volume - V = l x h x w, use ruler [in m]
  • Density eqution
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18
Q

How to find density of irregualr object

A
  • Volume displacement - use eureka can
  • Lower slowly until fully submerged
  • Use measureing cylinder for displaced water
  • Find mass - use mass balance (tare/zero) [in kg]
  • Use density equation
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19
Q

Pressure equation

A

Pressure = Force / Area

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20
Q

Pressure symbol equation

A

p = F / A

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21
Q

Pressure difference equation

A

Pressure difference = density x depth x gravitational field strength

22
Q

Pressure difference symbol equation

A

p = pgh

23
Q

Pressure difference symbol equation

A

p = pgh

24
Q

What can be said about pressure on a particle in a liquid or gas not in flow

A

Pressure rests and acts equally in all directions of the particle

25
Q

Arrangement of a solid

A
  • Regualr arrangement
  • Tightly packed
  • Strong forces between particles
  • Vibrate about fixed positions
26
Q

Arrangement of a liquid

A
  • Irregular arrangement
  • Tightly packed - take shape of container
  • Quite strong forces between particles
  • Can slide/flow over each other
27
Q

Arrangement of a gas

A
  • Random arrangemt
  • Expand to fill space avaliable
  • Weak forces between particles
  • Free to move
28
Q

How does heating particles increase the temperature or change their state

A
  • There’s a thermal energy transfer to substances upon heating
  • Particles gain KE, move faster, and temperature increases
  • Thermal energy transfer from heating to particles is sued to break bonds, and change state
29
Q

Describe an investigation to find how temperature affects the change of state of Steraic acid

A
  • Fill beaker with water, place on gause on tripod over bunsen on heatproof mat
  • Place solid stearic acid in boiling tibe with thermometer and melt
  • Remove and start stopwatch, taking regular temperature readings unitl it reaches 50c
  • Plot a temperature-time graph
30
Q

On a temperature-time graph, what does the sharp gradient at the start represent

A
  • Cooling
  • Large temperature difference between surroundings and stearic acid
  • Steep gradient
31
Q

On a temperature-time graph what does a flat line represent

A
  • Change of state
  • All thermal energy used to break bonds between particles
32
Q

On a temperature-time graph, what does the shallow line represent

A
  • Small temperature difference between stearic acid and surroundings
  • Less steep gradient
33
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The energy required to change the temperature of an object by one degree celcius, per kilogram of mass

34
Q

Equation for change in thermal energy

A

Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperatue

35
Q

Symbol equation for change in thermal energy

A

xQ = mcxT

36
Q

Describe an investigation to find the specific heat capacity of a metal block

A
  • In burr holes of a metal block, place nad immersion heater and thermometer covered in lagging
  • Connect immersion heater in circuit with power supply, ammeter (in series) and voltemeter (in parallel)
  • Measure initial temperature with thermometer
  • Start stopwatch and switch on power, measure current and voltage with ammeter and voltmeter
  • After 7mins switch off power and measure final temperature
  • IVt = mcxT
37
Q

How does Brownian Motion show particles

A
  • Tiny invisible air particles (invisible to the naked eye) collide with larger smoke particles
  • Transfer some momentum to smoke
  • Causes smoke particles to move randomly
38
Q

How do particles exert pressure on a container

A
  • Fast moving and randomly moving gas particles collide with sides, changing velocity which requires a force from the side on the gas particle
  • Ft = xP, as gas particles change momentul, N3L states that gas will exert an equal and oppposite force on the side
  • Pressure = Force / Area so gas exerts pressure on the side
39
Q

How does temperature relate to the speed of molecules

A

As temperature increases, speed increases and KE is transferred to the molecules from thermal energy

40
Q

How do fast moving particles increse pressure on a container

A

Faster moving particles cillide with force on wall, and more frequently, increasing pressure

41
Q

What is the relationship between temperature in Kelivn of a gas molecule and the KE

A

Kelvin temp is proportional to the average KE of it’s molecule

42
Q

What is 0K in ‘C

A

-273

43
Q

How to covert K to ‘C

A

-273

44
Q

How to convert ‘C to K

A

+273

45
Q

Why is 0k known as abosloute zero

A

Partices have no energy, ans so stop moving

46
Q

Volume Gas Law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

47
Q

Temperature Gas Law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2 - KELIVN

48
Q

Temperature Gas Law

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2 - KELIVN

49
Q

What must gas law equations have

A

Temperature in Kelvin

50
Q

What must remain fixed for P1V1 = P2V2

A

Fixed mass, and temperature

51
Q

What must remain fixed for P1/T1 = P2/P2

A

Fixed mass, and volume

GCSE (71 decks)

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