4 HEART + BLOOD Flashcards
Blood vessel from heart to body
Aorta
Blood vessel from heart to liver
Hepatic artery
Blood vessel from heart to gut
Mesenteric artery
Blood vessel from heart to kideny
Renal artery
Blood vessel from gut to liver
Hepatic Portal Vein
Blood vessel from kidney to heart
Renal vein
Blood vessel from liver to heart
Hepatic vewin
Blood vessel from body to heart
Vena Cava
Blood vessel from heart to lung
Pulmonary artery
Blood vessel from lung to heart
Pulmonary vein
Humans have double circulation - What is the pulmonary circulation
Deoxygenated blood to lungs, and oxygenated back to heart
Humans have double circulation - what is the systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood pumped to other organs of body, and deoxygenated back to heart
How do the muscular walls compare of the atria to the ventricles
Ventricles have thick muscular walls, rather than thin
How do the muscular walls compare of the atria to the ventricles
Ventricles have thick muscular walls, rather than thin
What separates the left and right side of the. heart
Septum
Where does the right side of the heart pump blood
Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Where does the left side of the heart pump blood
Oxygenated blood to the body
Why is the left ventricle wall much thicker than the right ventricle
It can pump blood at a higher pressure, so blood can travel around the whole body
How does the heart work to prevent backflow, and all blood to go in the right direction
Both atria contract, emptying blood into the ventricles. The ventricles then contract, pushing blood into the arteries. Valves ensure blood flows in right direction.
What part of the brain controls heart rate
Medulla
How does the heart respond to exercise
- More Co2 produced in aerobic respiration
- Sensors in aorta and carotid artery detect increase
- Nerve impulses to medulla
- Nerve impulses along accelerator nerve
- Accelerator nerve increases heart rate
- More blood supplied to muscles with O2 and glucose for aerobic respiration
Role of arteries
Carry blood away from heart at high pressure
Role of veins
Return blood to heart at low pressure
Role of capillaries
Carry blood through tiessus and site of exhange of materials by diffusion
Structure of arteries
- Thick outer wall
- Thick layer of elastic tissue
- Thick layer of muscular tissue
- Small lumen
Structure of veins
- Thin outer wall
- Thin layer of elastic tissue
- Think layer of muscular tissue
- Large lumen
- Semilunar valves to prevent backflow
Structure of capillary
One cell thick
How does the structure of an artery relate to it’s function
- Transport blood at high pressure without bursting
- Allow artery to strech and recoil to keep blood flowing at high pressure
How does the structure of a vein relate to it’s function
- Blood is at lower pressure, so thick wall is not needed
- Wall can contract to keep blood flowing
- Prevents blood flowing backwards
How does the structure of a capillary relate to it’s function
- Short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues
How does the structure of a capillary relate to it’s function
- Short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues
Function of coronary arteries
Supply heart muscle with blood (so glucose and oxygen), for aerobic respiration, and removes Co2
How does a lot of saturated fat in the diet increase the risk of coronary heart disease
- Fatty deposits build up in artery walls, narrowing lumen
- Reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells
- Heart muscle cells receive less oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration
- More anaerobic respiration occurs and lactic acid builds up
- Poisons heart muscle cells, causing heart attacks
How does bad diet increase the risk of CHD
Lots of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol and risk of fatty deposits, and high salt increases blood pressure
How does smoking increase the risk of CHD
Increases blood pressure, and risk of fatty deposits forming
How does high blood pressure increase the risk of CHD
Damages artery lining and increases risk of fatty deposits forming
Composition of blood
Plasma, RBC, platelets and WBC
What does plasma transport
- Carbon dioxide
- Digested food - glucose
- Urea
- Hormones
- Heat energy
How are red blood cells specialised for transport of oxygen
- Contain haemoglobin that binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
- No nucleus, so more haemoglobin can be held
- Biconcave - increase the surface area to volume ratio
Describe how platlets clot blood
- When exposed to oxygen, they release chemicals
- They cause soluble fibrinogen to become insoluble fibrin
- The fibrin forms a mesh trapping platelets and red blood cells
- This forms a clot or scab
Puropse of blood clotting
- Prevents blood loss
- Acts as a barrier to prevent entry of micro-organisms and pathogens
Puropse of blood clotting
- Prevents blood loss
- Acts as a barrier to prevent entry of micro-organisms and pathogens
How does a lot of saturated fat in the diet increase the risk of coronary heart disease
- Fatty deposits build up in artery walls, narrowing lumen
- Reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells
- Heart muscle cells receive less oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration
- More anaerobic respiration occurs and lactic acid builds up
- Poisons heart muscle cells, causing heart attacks
