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GCSE > 4 HEART + BLOOD > Flashcards

4 HEART + BLOOD Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood vessel from heart to body

A

Aorta

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2
Q

Blood vessel from heart to liver

A

Hepatic artery

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3
Q

Blood vessel from heart to gut

A

Mesenteric artery

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4
Q

Blood vessel from heart to kideny

A

Renal artery

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5
Q

Blood vessel from gut to liver

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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6
Q

Blood vessel from kidney to heart

A

Renal vein

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7
Q

Blood vessel from liver to heart

A

Hepatic vewin

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8
Q

Blood vessel from body to heart

A

Vena Cava

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9
Q

Blood vessel from heart to lung

A

Pulmonary artery

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10
Q

Blood vessel from lung to heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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11
Q

Humans have double circulation - What is the pulmonary circulation

A

Deoxygenated blood to lungs, and oxygenated back to heart

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12
Q

Humans have double circulation - what is the systemic circulation

A

Oxygenated blood pumped to other organs of body, and deoxygenated back to heart

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13
Q

How do the muscular walls compare of the atria to the ventricles

A

Ventricles have thick muscular walls, rather than thin

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14
Q

How do the muscular walls compare of the atria to the ventricles

A

Ventricles have thick muscular walls, rather than thin

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15
Q

What separates the left and right side of the. heart

A

Septum

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16
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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17
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood

A

Oxygenated blood to the body

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18
Q

Why is the left ventricle wall much thicker than the right ventricle

A

It can pump blood at a higher pressure, so blood can travel around the whole body

19
Q

How does the heart work to prevent backflow, and all blood to go in the right direction

A

Both atria contract, emptying blood into the ventricles. The ventricles then contract, pushing blood into the arteries. Valves ensure blood flows in right direction.

20
Q

What part of the brain controls heart rate

A

Medulla

21
Q

How does the heart respond to exercise

A
  • More Co2 produced in aerobic respiration
  • Sensors in aorta and carotid artery detect increase
  • Nerve impulses to medulla
  • Nerve impulses along accelerator nerve
  • Accelerator nerve increases heart rate
  • More blood supplied to muscles with O2 and glucose for aerobic respiration
22
Q

Role of arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart at high pressure

23
Q

Role of veins

A

Return blood to heart at low pressure

24
Q

Role of capillaries

A

Carry blood through tiessus and site of exhange of materials by diffusion

25
Q

Structure of arteries

A
  • Thick outer wall
  • Thick layer of elastic tissue
  • Thick layer of muscular tissue
  • Small lumen
26
Q

Structure of veins

A
  • Thin outer wall
  • Thin layer of elastic tissue
  • Think layer of muscular tissue
  • Large lumen
  • Semilunar valves to prevent backflow
27
Q

Structure of capillary

A

One cell thick

28
Q

How does the structure of an artery relate to it’s function

A
  • Transport blood at high pressure without bursting
  • Allow artery to strech and recoil to keep blood flowing at high pressure
29
Q

How does the structure of a vein relate to it’s function

A
  • Blood is at lower pressure, so thick wall is not needed
  • Wall can contract to keep blood flowing
  • Prevents blood flowing backwards
30
Q

How does the structure of a capillary relate to it’s function

A
  • Short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues
31
Q

How does the structure of a capillary relate to it’s function

A
  • Short diffusion distance of substances from blood into tissues
32
Q

Function of coronary arteries

A

Supply heart muscle with blood (so glucose and oxygen), for aerobic respiration, and removes Co2

33
Q

How does a lot of saturated fat in the diet increase the risk of coronary heart disease

A
  • Fatty deposits build up in artery walls, narrowing lumen
  • Reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells
  • Heart muscle cells receive less oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration
  • More anaerobic respiration occurs and lactic acid builds up
  • Poisons heart muscle cells, causing heart attacks
34
Q

How does bad diet increase the risk of CHD

A

Lots of saturated fat increases blood cholesterol and risk of fatty deposits, and high salt increases blood pressure

35
Q

How does smoking increase the risk of CHD

A

Increases blood pressure, and risk of fatty deposits forming

36
Q

How does high blood pressure increase the risk of CHD

A

Damages artery lining and increases risk of fatty deposits forming

37
Q

Composition of blood

A

Plasma, RBC, platelets and WBC

38
Q

What does plasma transport

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Digested food - glucose
  • Urea
  • Hormones
  • Heat energy
39
Q

How are red blood cells specialised for transport of oxygen

A
  • Contain haemoglobin that binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
  • No nucleus, so more haemoglobin can be held
  • Biconcave - increase the surface area to volume ratio
40
Q

Describe how platlets clot blood

A
  • When exposed to oxygen, they release chemicals
  • They cause soluble fibrinogen to become insoluble fibrin
  • The fibrin forms a mesh trapping platelets and red blood cells
  • This forms a clot or scab
41
Q

Puropse of blood clotting

A
  • Prevents blood loss
  • Acts as a barrier to prevent entry of micro-organisms and pathogens
42
Q

Puropse of blood clotting

A
  • Prevents blood loss
  • Acts as a barrier to prevent entry of micro-organisms and pathogens
43
Q

How does a lot of saturated fat in the diet increase the risk of coronary heart disease

A
  • Fatty deposits build up in artery walls, narrowing lumen
  • Reduces blood flow to heart muscle cells
  • Heart muscle cells receive less oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration
  • More anaerobic respiration occurs and lactic acid builds up
  • Poisons heart muscle cells, causing heart attacks

GCSE (71 decks)

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