5.4 ORGANICS II Flashcards
Functional group of alcohol molecules
-OH
Conditions for hydration of ethene
- 300c
- 65atm pressure
- Phosphoric Acid Catalyst
Raw material used in hydration of ethene
Crude oil - provides the ethene
Advantages of hydration of ethene
- Runs continuously
- Makes pure ethanol
Hydration of ethene equation
Ethene + Water –> Ethanol
Disadvantages to hydration of ethene
- Conditions require lots of energy
- Non-renewable raw material used
Disadvantages to hydration of ethene
- Conditions require lots of energy
- Non-renewable raw material used
Conditons for fermentation of glucose
- Yeast to provide enzymes
- 30c
- Anaerobic conditions
Conditons for fermentation of glucose
- Yeast to provide enzymes
- 30c
- Anaerobic conditions
Raw material used in fermentation of glucose
Sugar cane - provides the glucose
Fermentation of glucose equation
Glucose –> 2Ethanol + 2Carbon Dioxide
Advantages to fermentation of glucose
- Renewable resource used
- Conditions not energy intensive
Disadvantages to fermentation of glucose
- Makes impure ethanol
- Must be done in individual batches
Observation for combustion of ethanol
Non-luminous, blue flame
Equation for ethanol combustion
Ethanol + 3Oxygen –> 2Carbon Dioxide + 2Water
What happens to ethanol when it is microbially or chemically oxidated
It becomes ethanoic acid
When can microbial oxidation occur
In aerobic conditions
Microbial oxidation of ethanol equation
Ethanol + 2[O] –> Ethanoic Acid + Water
Conditions for chemical oxidation of ethanol
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Conditions for chemical oxidation of ethanol
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Chemical oxidation of ethanol equation
Ethanol + 2[O] –> Ethanoic Acid + Water
What is the colour change in microbial oxidation
Orange –> Green
Functional group of carboxylic acids
-COOH
What is vinegar
An aqueous solution of ethanoic acid
How is vinegar formed
When ethanol in wine undergoes microbial oxidation
How is vinegar formed
When ethanol in wine undergoes microbial oxidation
What happens when carboxylic acids behave as salts
They form (ethan)OATE’S - with a charge of 1-
How do esters form
When an alcohol and carboxylic acid join by losing a water molecule
Functional group of ester
-COO-
Ester formation general equation
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol –> Ester + Water
How do we name esters
alcohol then carboxylic acid
What part of the alcohol is lost when forming an ester
H
What part of the carboxylic acid is lost when forming an ester
OH
How to make an ester
- Mix carboxylic acid and alcohol together
- Add concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
- Warm it
- Tip into sodium carbonate solution to neutralise sulfuric acid catalyst
- Wait till effervesence has stopped
Use of esters
Food flavourings or perfumes (strong, distinctive smells)
What monomers are needed to form a polyester
A dicarboxylic acid and diol
What does a dicarboxylic acid look like
What does a diol look like
What is the product of a polyester
2n Water
What does ‘biodegradable’ mean (about polyesters)
Microbes like bacteria and fungi can use enzymes to break it down into monomers and use them as an energy supply
