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GCSE > 5.4 ORGANICS II > Flashcards

5.4 ORGANICS II Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional group of alcohol molecules

A

-OH

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2
Q

Conditions for hydration of ethene

A
  • 300c
  • 65atm pressure
  • Phosphoric Acid Catalyst
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3
Q

Raw material used in hydration of ethene

A

Crude oil - provides the ethene

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4
Q

Advantages of hydration of ethene

A
  • Runs continuously
  • Makes pure ethanol
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5
Q

Hydration of ethene equation

A

Ethene + Water –> Ethanol

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6
Q

Disadvantages to hydration of ethene

A
  • Conditions require lots of energy
  • Non-renewable raw material used
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7
Q

Disadvantages to hydration of ethene

A
  • Conditions require lots of energy
  • Non-renewable raw material used
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8
Q

Conditons for fermentation of glucose

A
  • Yeast to provide enzymes
  • 30c
  • Anaerobic conditions
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9
Q

Conditons for fermentation of glucose

A
  • Yeast to provide enzymes
  • 30c
  • Anaerobic conditions
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10
Q

Raw material used in fermentation of glucose

A

Sugar cane - provides the glucose

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11
Q

Fermentation of glucose equation

A

Glucose –> 2Ethanol + 2Carbon Dioxide

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12
Q

Advantages to fermentation of glucose

A
  • Renewable resource used
  • Conditions not energy intensive
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13
Q

Disadvantages to fermentation of glucose

A
  • Makes impure ethanol
  • Must be done in individual batches
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14
Q

Observation for combustion of ethanol

A

Non-luminous, blue flame

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15
Q

Equation for ethanol combustion

A

Ethanol + 3Oxygen –> 2Carbon Dioxide + 2Water

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16
Q

What happens to ethanol when it is microbially or chemically oxidated

A

It becomes ethanoic acid

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17
Q

When can microbial oxidation occur

A

In aerobic conditions

18
Q

Microbial oxidation of ethanol equation

A

Ethanol + 2[O] –> Ethanoic Acid + Water

19
Q

Conditions for chemical oxidation of ethanol

A
  • Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
  • Dilute Sulfuric Acid
20
Q

Conditions for chemical oxidation of ethanol

A
  • Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
  • Dilute Sulfuric Acid
21
Q

Chemical oxidation of ethanol equation

A

Ethanol + 2[O] –> Ethanoic Acid + Water

22
Q

What is the colour change in microbial oxidation

A

Orange –> Green

23
Q

Functional group of carboxylic acids

A

-COOH

24
Q

What is vinegar

A

An aqueous solution of ethanoic acid

25
Q

How is vinegar formed

A

When ethanol in wine undergoes microbial oxidation

26
Q

How is vinegar formed

A

When ethanol in wine undergoes microbial oxidation

27
Q

What happens when carboxylic acids behave as salts

A

They form (ethan)OATE’S - with a charge of 1-

28
Q

How do esters form

A

When an alcohol and carboxylic acid join by losing a water molecule

29
Q

Functional group of ester

A

-COO-

30
Q

Ester formation general equation

A

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol –> Ester + Water

31
Q

How do we name esters

A

alcohol then carboxylic acid

32
Q

What part of the alcohol is lost when forming an ester

A

H

33
Q

What part of the carboxylic acid is lost when forming an ester

A

OH

34
Q

How to make an ester

A
  • Mix carboxylic acid and alcohol together
  • Add concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
  • Warm it
  • Tip into sodium carbonate solution to neutralise sulfuric acid catalyst
  • Wait till effervesence has stopped
35
Q

Use of esters

A

Food flavourings or perfumes (strong, distinctive smells)

36
Q

What monomers are needed to form a polyester

A

A dicarboxylic acid and diol

37
Q

What does a dicarboxylic acid look like

A
38
Q

What does a diol look like

A
39
Q

What is the product of a polyester

A

2n Water

40
Q

What does ‘biodegradable’ mean (about polyesters)

A

Microbes like bacteria and fungi can use enzymes to break it down into monomers and use them as an energy supply

GCSE (71 decks)

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