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GCSE > 4 ENERGY > Flashcards

4 ENERGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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2
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joule (J)

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3
Q

Unit for distance

A

Metre (m)

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4
Q

Unit for speed

A

Metre/Second (m/s)

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5
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

Metre/Second^2 (m/s^2)

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6
Q

Unit for force

A

Newton (N)

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7
Q

Unit for time

A

Second (t)

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8
Q

Unit for power

A

Watt (W)

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9
Q

Name the energy stores

A
  • Chemical
  • Kinetic
  • Thermal
  • Magnetic
  • Gravitational
  • Elastic
  • Electrostatic
  • Nucleur
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10
Q

Name the energy transfers

A
  • Mechanically
  • Electrically
  • by heating
  • by radiation (light + sound)
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11
Q

State the principle of the conversation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one store to another

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12
Q

Effeciency equation

A

Efficency = Useful energy output / Total energy input

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13
Q

How do you get energy effeciency as a percentage

A

Multiply by 100

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14
Q

Unit for effeciency

A

No unit

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15
Q

How to draw a sankey diagram

A
  • Label everything with input/output, store and effeciency
  • Width of arrows represent effeciency
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16
Q

Describe the process of conduction

A
  • Heated particles vibrate
  • Pass energy to neigbhouring particles via collisions
  • Energy passes throughout material, so matter must be in contact for particles to collide (solid)
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17
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat

A

Free electrons for more collisions

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18
Q

Why are solids good conductors

A

Particles are close togetherm and have strong forces between them

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19
Q

Why are insulators bad at heat transfer (conduction)

A

They have no free electrons, so there are less collisions

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20
Q

Why are liquids and gases bad at transferring heat by conduction

A

Particles are far apart, so collisons transferring energy are more difficult / less succsesful

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21
Q

Describe how to carry out a conduction experiment

A
  • Attach a metal rod to clap stand with a bunsen burner at the other end
  • Attach paperclip at equal distance (ruler) along rod, with vasaline
  • Whit stopwatch, record time taken for each paperclip to fall
  • Repeat for rods of different materials
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22
Q

Describe how convection works

A
  • Hot object heats the air above it
  • Particles in air vibrate more
  • Particles in air spread out, and become less dense
  • Less dense air rises
  • As hot air cools, it falls and the denser coled air replaces the hot air
  • Sets up a convection current
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23
Q

What states does convetion occur in

A

Solids and Liquids

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24
Q

State ways to reduce convection currents

A
  • Foam
  • Lid
  • Vaccum
    THEY ALL TRAP AIR
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25
Q

State how to observe a convection current forming

A

Place a dye into the corner of a large trough of water and only heat that side and observe the pattern

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26
Q

How does radiation (heat transfer) travel, and why is that special

A

Travels as EM waves - Can travel through a vaccum

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27
Q

What is the link between surfaces when radiating and absorbing heat

A

Matt and black materials are good, whereas shiny and white/silver materials are bad

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28
Q

How does the rate of cooling differ when compared with room temperature

A
  • Rate of cooling is greater when object is hotter
  • Larger difference betwen water, and room temperature
  • On a graph, an original steep gradient would level out (more energy transferred more rapidly)
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29
Q

Describe different experiments to investigate radiation

A
  • Place silver and black tin on mat, and fill with boiling water
  • Record initial temperature, and record in stages with thermometer

OR

Use a leslie cube (metal) with 4 different surfaces, using an infrared ray to observe temperatures

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30
Q

How does loft insulation minimise heat loss

A
  • Fibreglass is an insulator with pockets of air
  • Air is poor conductor, as trapped air cannot move
  • Prevents convection current being set up
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31
Q

State the 3 ways that heat loss can be minimised in a home

A
  1. Loft insulation
  2. Double glazing
  3. Shiny foil behind radiators
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32
Q

Hoe does double glazing prevent heat loss

A
  • Vaccum between panes of glass so no particles can transfer heat by collisions (no conduction)
  • No convection currents can form
33
Q

How does shiny foil behind radiators reduce heat loss

A
  • Foil is silvery in colour, and shiny in texture
  • Prevents heat loss by radiation
  • Heat radiating from radiator, is refelcted back into room
34
Q

How does shiny foil behind radiators reduce heat loss

A
  • Foil is silvery in colour, and shiny in texture
  • Prevents heat loss by radiation
  • Heat radiating from radiator, is refelcted back into room
35
Q

Describe the energy transfer at a fossil fuel power station

A
  • Chemical store of fuel
  • Thermal store of water
  • Kinetic store of water
  • Mechanical transfer via force of steam on turbine blaes
  • Kinetic store of turbine
  • Mechanical transfer to generator
  • Kinetic store of generator
  • Electrical transfter from generator via wires
36
Q

Advantages of fossil fuel power stations

A
  • Reliable
  • Constant source of power
  • Burning fossil fuels releases a lot of energy relatively cheaply
  • Plenty of fossil fuel power stationa already
37
Q

Disadantages of fossil fuel power stations

A
  • Non-renewable
  • Produces CO2 (Greenhouse gas)
  • Produces SO2 and Nox (acid rain)
38
Q

Energy transfer at nucleur power station

A
  • Nucleur store of uranium
  • Thermal store of water
  • Kinetic store of water
  • Mechanical transfer via force of steam on turbine blades
  • Kinetic store of turbine
  • Mechanical transfer to generator
  • Kinetic of generator
  • Electrical transfer from generator via wires
39
Q

Advantages to nucluer power station

A
  • Reliable
  • Constant source of power
  • No Co2 (greenhouse gas)
  • No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
  • Small amount of fuel creates lots of energy
40
Q

Disadvantages to nucluer power station

A
  • Non-renewable
  • Produces radioactive waste that takes thousands of years to drop to a safe level
  • Possibility of major meltdown which have catastrophic effect on enviroment
  • Expensive to build, maintaina nd decommission
41
Q

Energy transfer at wind power station

A
  • Kinetic store of wind
  • Mechanical transfer onto blades via force of wind
  • Kinetic store of blades
  • Mechanical transfer to generator
  • Kinetic store of generator
  • Electrical transfer from generator via wires
42
Q

Advantages to wind power station

A
  • Cheap to run (wind is fun)
  • No fossil fuels
  • Renewable source
  • No Co2 (global warming)
  • No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
43
Q

Disadvantages to wind power station

A
  • Not reliable (need wind)
  • Spoil view
  • Large number to produce energy
  • Danger to birds
  • Noisy
  • Expensive to set up
44
Q

Energy transfer of hydroelectric power station

A
  • Graviatational of water behind dam
  • Mechanical transfer to water
  • Kinetic store of water
  • Mechanical transfer on turbine blades
  • Kinetic store of turbine
  • Mechanical transfer to generator
  • Kinetic of generator filed
  • Electrical transfer from generator via wires
45
Q

Advantages of hydroelectric power station

A
  • Cheap (no fuel)
  • Immediate response to increase demand of electricity
  • Reliable
  • No fossil fuels
  • Renewable
  • No Co2 (greenhouse gas)
  • No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
  • Provides recreational activites like fishing
46
Q

Disadvantages of hydroelectric power station

A
  • Initailly expensive to build
  • Loss of habitat for organisms living in flooded valley
  • Towns relocated
  • Fish spawning routes distrupted
  • Only in mountainous reigons
47
Q

Energy transfers of geothermal power station

A
  • Thermal and nucleur store of earths core
  • Transfered by heating to water
  • Thermal store of water
  • Kinetic store of water
  • Mechanical transfer to turbine blades by force of steam
  • Kinetic store of turbine
  • Transfer mechanically to generator
  • Kinetic store of generator
  • Transfer electrically from generator via wires
48
Q

Advantages to geothermal power station

A
  • Cheap to run (no fuel)
  • Reliable
  • Constant source of power
  • No fossil fuels
  • Renewable
  • No Co2 (greenhouse gas)
  • No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
49
Q

Disadvantages to geothermal power station

A
  • Initially expensive to drill
  • Few places where can be set up - thin crust
50
Q

Energy transfer of solar heating system

A
  • Nucleur store of sun
  • Transfered as light radiation
  • Furnace absorbs light radiation
  • Thermal store of water
  • Kinetic store of water
  • Mechanical transfer to turbine by force of steam on blades
  • Kinetic store of turbine
  • Mechanical transfer to generator
  • Kinetic of generator
  • Electrical transfer by wires from generator
51
Q

Advantages of solar heating system

A
  • Cheap to run (no fuel)
  • No fossil fuels
  • Renewable
  • No Co2 (greenhouse gas)
  • No so2 or nox (Acid rain)
52
Q

Disadvantages to solar heating system

A
  • Initially expensive to build
  • Not reliable (need good weather)
53
Q

Disadvantages to solar heating system

A
  • Initially expensive to build
  • Not reliable (need good weather)
54
Q

Energy transfer in solar cell

A
  • Nucleur store of sun
  • Light radiation transfer
  • Solar cell absorb light radiation
  • Rlectrical transfer via solar cell wires
55
Q

Advantages to solar cells

A
  • Cheap (no fuel)
  • No fossil fuels
  • Renewable
  • No Co2 (fossil fuels)
  • No so2 or nox (acid rain)
56
Q

Disadvantages to solar cells

A
  • Initailly expensive to build
  • Not reliable (need good weather)
  • Need lots for same ammount of energy
  • Unsightly
57
Q

Equation for work done

A

Work done = force x distance moved in direction of the force

58
Q

Work done symbol equation

A

W = Fd

59
Q

What is work done equal to

A

Energy transferred

60
Q

What is energy transferred equal to

A

Work done

61
Q

Equation linking work done and energy transferred

A

Work done = energy transferred

62
Q

Unit for work done

A

Joules (J)

63
Q

Define power

A

The rate of transferring energy or the rate of doing work

64
Q

Power equation (energy transferred)

A

Power = Energy transferred / time taken

65
Q

Power equation (energy transferred) - SYMBOL

A

P = E/t

66
Q

Power equation (work done)

A

Power = work done / time taken

67
Q

Power equation (work done) - SYMBOL

A

P = W/t

68
Q

Equation for energy transferred (work done)

A

Power x Time

69
Q

Unit for GPE and KE

A

Joules (J)

70
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy

A

Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height

71
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy - SYMBOL

A

GPE = mgh

72
Q

Equation for kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed ^2

73
Q

Equation for kinetic energy - SYMBOL

A

KE = 1/2mv^2

74
Q

What links GPE and KE

A

GPE lost = KE gained

75
Q

How does GPE link work done

A
  • GPE = KE
  • mgh = 1/2mv^2
  • mg = w (force)
  • GPE = force x height
  • mgh = work done
76
Q

Advantages of hydroelectric power station

A
  • Cheap (no fuel)
  • Immediate response to increase demand of electricity
  • Reliable
  • No fossil fuels
  • Renewable
  • No Co2 (greenhouse gas)
  • No So2 or Nox (acid rain)
  • Provides recreational activites like fishing
77
Q

Energy transfer at wind power station

A
  • Kinetic store of wind
  • Mechanical transfer onto blades via force of wind
  • Kinetic store of blades
  • Mechanical transfer to generator
  • Kinetic store of generator
  • Electrical transfer from generator via wires
78
Q

Advantages of fossil fuel power stations

A
  • Reliable
  • Constant source of power
  • Burning fossil fuels releases a lot of energy relatively cheaply
  • Plenty of fossil fuel power stationa already
79
Q

State how to observe a convection current forming

A

Place a dye into the corner of a large trough of water and only heat that side and observe the pattern

GCSE (71 decks)

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