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GCSE > 4.1 RATES OF REACTION > Flashcards

4.1 RATES OF REACTION Flashcards

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1
Q

What determines if a chemical reaction can happen

A

If the reactant particles collide with enough energy

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2
Q

What is the the activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy the reactant particles need to react

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3
Q

What happens to particles that collide with little energy

A

They rebound and remain unchanged

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4
Q

What is collision frequency

A

How often the particles collide with each other

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5
Q

What is the percentage succsess

A

The percentage of the collisions that have enough energy to react

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6
Q

What are the 5 factors that affect rate of reaction

A

1) Solid surface area
2) Temperature
3) Concentration
4) Pressure (gas only)
5) Catalysts

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7
Q

Higher surface area increases rate because:

A

More solid is exposed to other particles - So collision frequency is higher - More successful collisions per unit time

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8
Q

Higher concentration / gas pressure increases rate because:

A

There is a higher proportion of particles per unit volume - So collision frequency is higher - So the proportion of successful collisions is higher per unit time

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9
Q

Higher temperature increases rate because:

A

The particles have more kinetic energy - So the percentage of collisions with enough energy is higher - There are more successful collisions per unit time

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10
Q

Catalysts increase rate because:

A

They provide an alternative route with a lower activation energy - So the percentage of collisions with enough energy is higher - So there are more successful collisions per unit time

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11
Q

How do you increase the surface area of a solid

A

Cutting or grinding it

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12
Q

What is the independent variable in the calcium carbonate surface area experiment

A

the surface area of the calcium carbonate chips

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13
Q

What is the dependent variable in the calcium carbonate surface area experiment

A

Volume of Carbon Dioxide produced

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14
Q

Name 3 control variables in the calcium carbonate temperature experiment

A

Mass of calcium carbonate chips, volume and concentration of HCl, Temperature

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15
Q

How does the surface area of the calcium carbonate chips in the surface area experiment affect the results shown on a graph measuring CO2 production

A

Higher surface area chips have a steeper start because the rate has increased so the volume of carbon dioxide is increasing faster, however they all end in the same place because, the amounts of reactants hasn’t changed, so eventually the reaction produces the same amount of CO2.

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16
Q

What is the independent variable in the black cross concentration experiment

A

The concentration of the sodium thiosulphate

17
Q

What is the dependent variable in the black cross concentration experiment

A

Time taken for the cross to disappear

18
Q

What is the 3 control variables in the black cross concentration experiment

A

Total volume of solution, concentration of HCl and temperature

19
Q

How is rate calculated

A

1 / Time Taken ( in seconds)

20
Q

What is the unit for rate

A

S ^ -1

21
Q

What are the results of the concentration black cross experiment

A

Proportional - Straight line through the origin

22
Q

What is the independent variable in the magnesium ribbon temperature experiment

A

Temperature from Hydrochloric Acid

23
Q

What is the dependent variable in the magnesium ribbon temperature experiment

A

Time taken for the magnesium ribbon to disappear

24
Q

What are the 4 control variables in the magnesium ribbon temperature experiment

A

Mass and surface area of magnesium, volume and concentration of HCl

25
Q

What are the results of the magnesium ribbon temperature experiment on a graph

A

Not a straight line, but as the temperature increases, the rate increases

26
Q

Define a catalyst

A

Increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy, by providing and alternative pathway

27
Q

Define a catalyst

A

Increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy, by providing and alternative pathway

28
Q

Why aren’t catalysts included in a reaction equation

A

As they remain unchanged during the reaction

29
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide

A

2H2O2 –> 2H2O + O2

30
Q

What is the catalysts in the hydrogen peroxide catalyst experiment, and what were there results

A

Manganese Oxide - Quickest
Lead Oxide - Quick
Iron Oxide - Slow

31
Q

What elements are usually catalysts

A

Transition metals

32
Q

How can you measure the effectiveness of different catalysts

A

Comparing how they affect rate

33
Q

What is the independent variable of the hydrogen peroxide catalyst experiment

A

Which catalyst is being used

34
Q

What is the dependent variable of the hydrogen peroxide catalyst experiment

A

Volume of Oxygen produced

35
Q

How can we actively see the oxygen produced

A

Add a little washing up liquid and it foams it up

36
Q

What are the 3 control variables in the hydrogen peroxide catalyst experiment

A

Volume and concentration of hydrogen peroxide, temperature, mass and surface area of catalyst

37
Q

A more successful catalyst appears how on a graph compared to others

A

They have a steeper line but eventually they would all flatten out if you waited long enough

38
Q

What are the 3 catalysts used in the hydrogen peroxide catalyst experiment, and their formulae

A

Manganese (IV) Oxide - MnO2
Lead (IV) Oxide - PbO2
Iron (III) Oxide - Fe2O3

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