polyps

Question 1

hyper plastic polyps

Answer 1

benign with non malignant potential - due to hyperplasia of the glands

Question 2

what are harmatomatous polyps

Answer 2

usually large and stalked, inherited AuD

Question 3

what is the most common symptom of hyperplastic polyps

Answer 3

rectal bleeding

Question 4

what screening investigation would you do for polyps

Answer 4

FOBT

Question 5

if the FOBT for polyps is positive what would you do

Answer 5

colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy

Question 6

what type of growth are adenomas

Answer 6

dysplastic

Question 7

what can all adenomas form

Answer 7

adenocarcinoma

Question 8

how do we treat adenomas

Answer 8

remove polyp by colonoscopy before it becomes cancerous

Question 9

FAP caused by

Answer 9

mutation in APC gene

Question 10

what is the penetrance like in FAP

Answer 10

virtually 100%

Question 11

how many polyps do u get in FAP

Answer 11

>100

Question 12

what is the outcome of FAP

Answer 12

polyps from adolescence which can cause diarrhoea and bleeding

begin adenoma and adenocarcinoma pathway from birth and become malignant and die around 4th decade of life

Question 13

what is gardner’s syndrome

Answer 13

FAP with fibromatosis and osteomas

Question 14

treatment for FAP

Answer 14

total colectomy prevents the development of carcinoma (remove large intestine)

Question 15

HNPCC due to

Answer 15

mutation in DNA MMR gene

Question 16

HNPCC inheritance

Answer 16

autosomal dominant

Question 17

what is more common - HNPCC or FAP

Answer 17

HNPCC

Question 18

how many polyps in HNPCC

Answer 18

<100

Question 19

onset of HNPCC

Answer 19

late

Question 20

where do tumours occur in HNPCC

Answer 20

right sided

Question 21

describe the adenoma adenomacarcinoma pathway

Answer 21

APC mutation

K-ras mutation

p53 mutation and 18q loss

carcinoma metastases