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RB Y1 GI > biochem of liver > Flashcards

biochem of liver Flashcards

1
Q

what does retinol binding protein do

A

transport vitamin A

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2
Q

what are the functions of plasma proteins

A 
maintenance of osmotic pressure 
transport hydrophobic substances 
pH buffering 
enzymatic eg blood clotting 
immunity
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3
Q

what does vit A deficiency cause

A

visual impairment

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4
Q

name two alpha globulins

A

retinol binding protein and ceruloplasmin

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5
Q

name two beta globulins

A

transferrin and fibrinogen

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6
Q

what does transferrin trnasort

A

Fe3+

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7
Q

what is transferrin an indicator of

A

iron deficiency

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8
Q

what is fibrinogen

A

inactive form of fibrin

involved in blood clotting

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9
Q

what does albumin do

A

regulate the oncotic pressure of blood

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10
Q

what stimulate the production of albumin

A

insulin

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11
Q

when are albumin levels low

A

liver disease

starvation or low protein diet

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12
Q

how does albumin bind molecules

A

multiple hydrophobic clefts - low affinity but high capacity

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13
Q

what endogenous substances does albumin transport

A

fatty acids, bilirubin and thyroid hormones

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14
Q

what exogenous substances does albumin transport

A

drugs eg aspirin

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15
Q

how is iron transported

A

Fe3+ bound to transferrin

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16
Q

how is iron stored

A

in cells bound to ferritin

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17
Q

how is copper transported in blood

A

bound to ceruloplasmin

18
Q

are steroid and thyroid hormones hydrophobic or philic

A

hydrophobic

19
Q

what are lipoproteins core composed of

A

hydrophobic molecules - cholesterol esters adn triglycerides

20
Q

what are lipoproteins shell composed of

A

apoproteins and polar lipids

21
Q

describe the exogenous pathway of lipid transport

A

ingested TG and cholesterol are combined with apoproteins to form chylomicrons.

via lymphatic system chylomicrons enter bloodstream and go to muscle and adipose tissue

hydrolysed by LPL yielding fatty acids which enter the tissues

liver takes up residual chylomicron residues and breaks them down to give cholesterol

22
Q

what is the function of VLDL

A

Transport of endogenous fat to peripheral cells

23
Q

describe the endogenous pathway

A

liver forms VLDL which are hydrolysed by LPL yielding FFA which go to tissues and VLDL becomes IDL and then LDL

LDL only now has apo B100

LDL taken up by liver mainly, the rest distributes cholesterol to the peripheral tissues

24
Q

HDL role

A

cholesterol is removed from tissue by HDL which is made from Apo A1 etc

it accumulates cholesterol and transfers it to VLDL, LDL and IDL which return it to the liver

25
Q

what does the liver store

A

vitamins A D and B12

iron

26
Q

where does iron come from

A

breakdown of Hb

27
Q

what does cholesterol do to cell membranes

A

harden them

28
Q

where is cholesterol stored

A

lipid droplets - core of the molecule

29
Q

where is the main site of cholesterol synthesis

A

liver

30
Q

where is cholesterol also synthesised

A

intestine, adrenal cortex and gonads

31
Q

what does HMG CoA reductase catalyse the formation of

A

mevalonic acid

32
Q

what is vitamin D

A

a product of cholesterol

33
Q

what does vitamin D do

A

regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism

34
Q

what is the most abundant form of Vitamin D in the body

A

D3

35
Q

name 3 steroid hormones

A

corticosteroids
androgens
esterogens

36
Q

where are corticosteroids made

A

adrenal cortex

37
Q

where are androgens made

A

testis

38
Q

where are estrogens made

A

ovary

39
Q

what is the main product of cholesterol

A

bile salts

40
Q

how are bile salts recycled

A

enterohepatic circulation

41
Q

in electrophoresis which globulins separate the slowest

A

gamma - heaviest
beta
alpha
albumin

42
Q

how can cells regulate their cholesterol uptake

A

inc LDL receptors when they need more

RB Y1 GI (54 decks)

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