hernia Flashcards
what is a hernia
an abnormal protrusion of a viscus out with its normal body cavity
arise from natural openings or due to weakness
name some predisposing factors that all increase intra-abdominal pressure
- coughing
- constipation
- pregnancy
- prostatism
- obesity
- heavy lifting
what is prostatism a sign of
compression or obstruction of the urethra
what can happen to irreducible hernias
obstructed or incarcerated
what happens when irreducible hernias are incarcerated
contents of the hernia sac are stuck inside by adhesions
can become strangulated
what can obstructed hernias lead to
strangulated hernias
where do incsional hernias occur
through a surgical incision
who are paraumbilical hernias seen in
adults (women) and obese patients
who are umbilical hernias seen in
children, especially low birth weight infants
what is the outcome of umbilical hernias
usually resolve by the age of 3, if not then surgery
where does an epigastric hernia occur
pass through the linea alba above the umbilicus
what do epigastric hernias arise from
congenital weakness of the linea alba
who are epigastric hernias more common in
>40 and obese
what is indirect inguinal hernia due to
patent processus vaginalis
who are indirect inguinal hernias seen in
in young male
if the hernia is above and medal to the pubic tubercule what is it
inguinal
if the hernia is below and lateral to the pubic tubercule what is it
femoral
if the deep ring is occluded and the patient coughs and the hernia reappears what is it
direct
position of direct inguinal hernia in relation to inf epigastric vessels
medial
position of indirect inguinal hernia in relation to inf epigastric vessels
lateral
what is the superficial ring
v shaped defect in the ext oblique aponeurosis
which type of inguinal hernia is more likely to strangulate
indirect
who are direct inguinal hernias more common in
older men
complications of inguinal hernias
Haematoma, urinary retention, wound infection, chronic neurogenic pain, hernia recurrence, testicular pain and atrophy
treatment of inguinal hernia
herniotomy and herniorrhaphy
what is herniotomy
excision of peritoneal sac
what is herniorrhaphy
repair of defect in wall
how to treat congenital hernias
herniotomy
what would you advise post op
no driving for about a week and no heavy lifting for a month
who are femoral hernias common in
thin elderly female
femoral hernia
protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the femoral canal
what happens to the groin crease with femoral hernias l
loss of groin crease
symptoms of sliding hiatus hernia
none apart from acid reflux
symptoms of rolling hiatus hernia
occasionally sever pain occurs due to volvulus or strangulation
diagnostic test for hiatus hernia
Ba swallow
treatment for hiatus hernia
treat reflux symptoms, lose weight
