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Science > Plant Body > Flashcards

Plant Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two parts of the plant body?

A

Shoot and root systems

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2
Q

Shoot System

A

above ground. includes organs like leaves, buds, stems, flowers, fruits and leaves

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3
Q

Root System

A

below ground. anchors the plant absorbs water and mineral nutrients, storage and transport

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4
Q

Plant Cell differences from animal cells

A

One large central vacuole (storage), chloroplasts (photosynthesis), cell wall (structure)

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5
Q

What are the three basic types of cells

A

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

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6
Q

Describe Parenchyma

A

Flexible, thin walled, spherical. Cell wall flattens when packed together. Have many chloroplasts which produce glucose via P.S. In roots and fruits they lack chloroplasts but have larger vacuoles to store starch and water. Forms the bulk of non-woody plants (ex. fleshy part of apple)

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7
Q

Functions of Parenchyma

A

Storage, P.S. (Photosynthesis), gas exchange, protection and tissue repair/replacement

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8
Q

Describe Collenchyma

A

Long strings; elongated cells occurring in strands or cylinders (ex. celery). Cell wall expands as the cell grows. It allows plants to bend but not break.

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9
Q

Function of Collenchyma

A

Provide support

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10
Q

Describe Sclerenchyma

A

Very thick secondary cell walls. Contain lignin -makes cell wall tough and hard. There are two types, Fibres and Sclereids.

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11
Q

Functions of Sclerenchyma

A

Primarily supports. Dies when completed growth and development, leaving empty box-like structures.

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12
Q

Fibres

A

Cells up to 50cm long that usually occur in strands like linen and flax

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13
Q

Sclereids

A

Thicker cell walls and may be single or groups of cells. Give pears their gritty texture, hardness to peach pits and walnut shells.

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14
Q

What are the four main types of Plant Tissue and what do they do?

A

Meristematic, Dermal, Ground, and Vascular tissue. Produce 3 organs of a plant: roots, stem, and leaves.

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15
Q

Meristematic Tissue

A

Undifferentiated embryonic plant tissue from which all other plant tissue develops.

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16
Q

M.Tissue Primary Growth

A

Located at tips of roots and stems (Apical Meristem), causes root and stems to grow larger. Tissue found along the stem and at the base of leaf blades are Intercalary Meristem.

17
Q

M.Tissue Secondary Growth

A

Increases circumference of roots and stems, strengthens and provides support for taller growth. Occurs at Lateral Meristems.

18
Q

What are the two types of Lateral Meristems

A

Vascular Cambium and Cork Cambium (outer bark of trees / protective layer)

19
Q

What are the two types of Dermal Tissue?

A

Epidermal Tissue (epidermis) and Peridermal Tissue (Periderm).

20
Q

Epidermal Tissue

A

Outer layer: includes cuticle, a waxy covering that reduces evaporation/predation

21
Q

Peridermal Tissue

A

Only in woody plants for protection and support(bark=dead cells)

22
Q

Types of Specialized Epidermal Tissue

A

Guard cells, Trichomes, Root Hairs

23
Q

Guard Cells

A

Control opening/closing stomata for gas exchange

24
Q

Trichomes

A

Tiny growths on surface of epidermis that may cool plant, reduce evapouration; secrete sticky/toxic substances that repel herbivores; have spikes that physically puncture the skin of the herbivore

25
Q

Root Hairs

A

Tiny extentions of epidermal cells on roots which increase the surface area for absorption of water and nutrients

26
Q

Ground Tissue

A

Contains all three cell types (p,c,s) and forms most of plant internal/external material. Has a wide range of functions including storage of starch, support and PS

27
Q

What is Vascular Tissue

A

Internal system of tubes that run lengthwise throughout stem to connect roots and leaves. Two types: xylem and phloem.

28
Q

Function of Vascular Tissue

A

To transport water and dissolved substances throughout the plant and to support the stem.

29
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and minerals from root to leaves. When mature they die leaving tubes for transport. Two types, Tracheids and Vessel Elements.

30
Q

Tracheids

A

Most vascular plants. Long, thin, tapered ends. Water moves cell to cell through pits

31
Q

Vessel Elements

A

Wider, shorter. Perforation in ends, water flows freely through perforation plates.

32
Q

Phloem

A

Transports nutrients (eg. sugar) from source to growth areas or to roots for storage. Two types Sieve Tube Elements and Companion Cells.

33
Q

Sieve Tube Elements

A

Living parenchyma. Long narrow cells stacked end to end, pores end in walls (sieve plates).

34
Q

Companion Cells

A

Adjacent to every sieve tube element.

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