Matter - Molecular Substances Flashcards
What are pure substances?
Substances that are made of only one type of atom or molecule. Can be divided into elements (metal/nonmetal) and compounds (ionic/molecular)
What is MATTER?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What are mixtures?
Two or more substances / can be split into two. Can be divided to homogenous (one phase) and heterogenous (two phases)
What is a phase?
Region of matter with distinguishable boundaries
What is an element?
A pure substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances chemically. It contains one type of atom. May be made of individual atoms.
What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element that is still an element.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms joined by a chemical bond
What is a compound?
A pure substance that can be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains two or more different elements joined by a chemical bond.
What is the smallest part of a compound that is still a compound?
A molecule
What are physical properties?
Description of the physical appearance of a substance (colour, odour, density, melt/boil point, lusture, texture, state)
What are the types of physical properties?
Qualitative (five senses), quantitative (number)
What are chemical properties?
Can be observed only when a substance is changed into a new substance (reactivity to O, H2O, acid)
What is a physical change?
No new substance is formed (chemical makeup is unchanged) such as dissolving / state change
What is a chemical change?
A new substance is made. Such as rusting or burning
What are evidences of a chemical change?
A gas is produced, colour change, solid forms, temp changes, new substance formed with different properties, light is produced
How do you test for hydrogen gas?
Flaming splint pops and goes out
How do you test for oxygen gas?
Glowing splint bursts into flames
How do you test for carbon dioxide gas?
Flaming splint extinguishes / limewater turns milky
What is an atom made of?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
What types of elements form positive ions?
Metals
What types of elements form negative ions?
Non metals
What is an ionic compound?
When a metal transfers valence e- to a non metal, resulting in cat/an ion, called an ionic bond
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
Hard, high melt points, solid at room temp, do not conduct electricity
What are polyatomic ions?
Group of atoms that has a charge, bonded to other atoms by ionic bond, follow ionic bonding rules
What are properties of covalent compounds?
Soft, solid/liquid/gas at room temp, don’t conduct in solid or liquid state, low melt point
