Chem Unit 1- Ions, Isotopes, and Trends

Question 1

Ionization Energy

Answer 1

Energy required to remove an e- (x+I.E.–> [x]+ +e-)

Question 2

Electron Affinity

Answer 2

Energy released when e- is obtained (x+e- –> [x]- +E.A.)

Question 3

Isoelectronic

Answer 3

“same electron configuration as”

Question 4

Isotope

Answer 4

atoms of an element that have same p+ (e-) but different n0 in nucleus

Question 5

Atomic Mass

Answer 5

average atomic mass= mass(%abundance) + mass(%abundance) {remember to divide % by 100} [unit=”u”]

Question 6

Types of Radiation

Answer 6

Alpha Decay (a), Beta Decay (B), Gamma Radiation (y)

Question 7

Alpha Decay

Answer 7

emits alpha particle helium 4He2

Question 8

Beta Decay

Answer 8

Beta(-) emits 0e-1, Beta(+) emits 0e+1

Question 9

Gamma Radiation

Answer 9

No change 0y0

Question 10

Number of Half Lives

Answer 10

total time / half life

Question 11

Mass Remaining Formula

Answer 11

mr= original mass x (0.5)^(#of half lives) [units=g]

Question 12

Factors of Attraction

Answer 12

of O(orbits), NC(Nuclear Charge)

Question 13

Atomic Radius Trend

Answer 13

Down a Group- #of O increases, atomic radius increases

Across a Period- NC increases, atomic radius decreases

Question 14

Ionic Radius Trend

Answer 14

Cations- lose an orbit, are smaller than neutral atom

Anions- full orbit (increase in e- increase repulsion), are bigger than neutral atom

Question 15

Ionization Energy Trend

Answer 15

Down a Group- #of O increases, IE decreases

Across a Period- NC increases, IE increases

Question 16

Trends in Multiple Ionization Energies

Answer 16

First IE= energy for 1e-, Second IE= energy for 2nd e->1st e-, Third IE= energy for 3rd e- > 2nd e-

Question 17

Metallic Character Trends

Answer 17

Down a Group - IE decreases, metallic character increases

Across a Period - IE increases, metallic character decreases

Question 18

Electron Affinity Trends

Answer 18

Down a group - #of O increases, EA decreases

Across a Period - NC increases, EA increases

Question 19

Non-Metallic Character Trend

Answer 19

Down a group - IE decreases, non-metallic character decreases
Across a period - IE increases, non-metallic character increases

Question 20

Electronegativity Trend

Answer 20

Down a group - #of O increases, EN decreases

Across a period - NC increases, EN increases

Question 21

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 21

All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms which are never created or destroyed. All atoms of an element are identical, and those of different elements are different.

Question 22

Discovery of the Electron

Answer 22

Thomson used cathode ray tube and discovered negative particle called electron.

Question 23

Discovery of the Nucleus

Answer 23

Rutherford observed alpha particles (+) were deflected, concluding that atom must have dense nucleus containing + particle called proton

Question 24

Discovery of Neutrons

Answer 24

Chadwick modified the nuclear model to include 3rd heavy neutral particle called neutron