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Science > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A

nuclear envelope (membrane?) disappears, chromatin become chromosomes, spindle fibres are formed from centrosomes, the chromosomes are attached at the centromere (two arms=sister chromatids)

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2
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

The chromosomes line up at the centre (equator) of the cell.

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3
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

Centromere splits apart, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

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4
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

The chromosomes begin to unwind and become chromatin, two new nuclear membranes form, spindle fibres break down.

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5
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process where sex cells are created (sperm/egg). In males called spermatogenesis, in females called oogenesis.

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6
Q

What are the two goals of Meiosis?

A

Reduce the number of chromosomes in the gametes. Recombination: recombine the maternal and paternal chromosomes so that new forms are created.

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7
Q

How is Meiosis different from Mitosis?

A

It only occurs in the sex cells (mitosis occurs in somatic cells). Meiosis creates cells that are not genetically identical to the parent cell.

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8
Q

What are the step to Meiosis?

A

P1M1A1T1+P2M2A2T2. (Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase)

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9
Q

What happens in Prophase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up, spindle fibres form (very important), recombination occurs as pairs form tetrads and parts break off and reattach to the other chromosomes.

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10
Q

What happens in Metaphase 1?

A

spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes @ centromere, chromosomes align at centre off cell (randomly~independent assortment)

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11
Q

What happens in Anaphase 1?

A

Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell. The new cells created will have half the #of original chromosomes (haploid).

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12
Q

What happens in Telophase 1?

A

Nuclear envelope reforms. Cytokinesis (cell splitting) occurs where two cells are formed.

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13
Q

What happens in Prophase 2?

A

Nuclear membrane breaks, chromosomes begin moving to centre of cell.

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14
Q

What happens in Metaphase 2?

A

Chromosomes line up along the centre.

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15
Q

What happens in Anaphase 2?

A

Each chromosome is pulled toward opposing poles in new cells

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16
Q

What happens in Telophase 2?

A

The cells divide through cytokinesis, four cells are formed each with half #of chromosomes in them (haploid) as parent (diploid). In males 4 sperm are created, in females 1egg and 3 polar bodies.

17
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis?

A

PMAT- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

18
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The second stage of the cell cycle, when the cell divides. (nucleus + genetic material)

Science (53 decks)

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