Optics Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a light wave?

A

A wave of electric and magnetic fields

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2
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

It consists of all the different wave lengths of electromagnetic radiation

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3
Q

What are the types of radiation from low to high energy?

A

Radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet light, x-rays, gamma rays

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4
Q

Examples of radio waves

A

Radio, TV signal, cell phone, radar

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5
Q

Examples of microwaves

A

Telecommunications, microwave ovens

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6
Q

Examples of infrared light

A

Remote control, lasers, heat detection

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7
Q

Examples of visible light

A

Human vision, rainbows, visible lasers

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8
Q

Examples of ultraviolet light

A

UV lasers, “black” light

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9
Q

Examples of x-rays

A

Medical imaging, cancer treatment, security equipment

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10
Q

Examples of gamma rays

A

Cancer treatment

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11
Q

What does SALT stand for?

A

Size, Attitude, Location, Type

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12
Q

What is regular (specular) reflection of light?

A

On shiny surfaces, light reflects following law of reflection, a clear image is seen

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13
Q

What is diffuse reflection of light?

A

On rough surfaces, the reflection of waves becomes irregular. Light spreads and no clear image forms

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14
Q

Colours that make up visible spectrum, low to high

A

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

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15
Q

What are the two kinds of light sources?

A

Luminous- object gives off own light, Non-Luminous- object doesn’t give off own light

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16
Q

What are the luminous sources of light?

A

Incandescence, Fluorescence, Phosphoresence, Chemiluminescence, Triboluminesence

17
Q

Incandescence

A

Light given off due to high temperature

18
Q

Fluorescence

A

Chemical gives off light when hit by invisible high energy light waves

19
Q

Phosphoresence

A

Chemical gives off light when hit by high energy light waves and stay luminous for long time

20
Q

Chemiluminescence

A

Chemical reactions that give off light with next to no heat

21
Q

Bioluminescence

A

When living things produce light

22
Q

Triboluminescence

A

When certain crystals (sugar) are scratched, crushed, or rubbed, light is produced

23
Q

LASERS

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation: light is very intense and the same colour, beam stays together

24
Q

What is refraction?

A

When a light wave travels from one transparent medium into another, the velocity of the light waves change

25
Q

Index of Refraction

A

n=c/v, c- speed of light in vacuum, v- speed of light in medium. c= 3.0x10^8m/s

26
Q

Law of Refraction

A

When going from fast to slow, the ray will bend toward the normal, when going from slow to fast, the ray will bend away from the normal

27
Q

Snells Law

A

n1 sin theta1 = n2 sin theta2

28
Q

Total Internal Reflection

A

When a wave travels from slow to fast at a large angle of incidence, the wave can be trapped in the slow medium

29
Q

What are some uses of Total Internal Reflection?

A

Periscope, Binoculars, Bike reflectors

30
Q

What is the critical angle and how do you calculate it?

A

The angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction 90 degrees to the normal. n1 sin thetaC = n2 sin90

31
Q

What is a Lens?

A

A thin transparent piece of glass or plastic that has at least one curved side.

32
Q

What are the four different types of lenses?

A

Biconvex, Biconcave, Plano convex, Plano concave

33
Q

What are the two basic lens types?

A

Converging and diverging