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Science > Chemistry Review > Flashcards

Chemistry Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Compound?

A

Pure substance can be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bond (Molecule is smallest part still a compound)

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2
Q

What is an Element?

A

Pure substance can’t be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains one type of atom. Can be metal/non-metal, made of individual atoms/molecules (Atom is smallest part still an element)

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3
Q

What is Gas?

A

Gas is when molecules are in constant random motion

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4
Q

Define Heterogeneous

A

A mixture that has two or more phases

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5
Q

What is a Liquid?

A

Matter with a definite volume but no definite shape

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6
Q

Define Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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7
Q

What is an Observation?

A

The act of gathering specific information

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8
Q

Define Physical

A

Appearance of a substance

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9
Q

What is a Product

A

New substance formed through a chemical change

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10
Q

What is Physical Change?

A

When chemical makeup of substance isn’t changed, no new substance is formed (Dissolving, state change)

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11
Q

What is Chemical Change?

A

When new substance is made (Rusting, burning)

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12
Q

Define Quantitative

A

An observation through measurement, a number (melting/boiling point)

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13
Q

Define Qualitative

A

An observation through senses - smell, hear, feel, see, taste (colour, odour, texture)

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14
Q

What is a Reactant

A

The starting material in a chemical change

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15
Q

What is a Solid?

A

Matter with a definite volume and shape with particles closely packed

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16
Q

What is a Solution?

A

Homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase

17
Q

What is a Proton?

A

Subatomic particle with positive charge found in nucleus

18
Q

What is a Neutron?

A

Subatomic particle with no charge found in nucleus

19
Q

What is an Electron?

A

Subatomic particle with negative charge orbits the nucleus

20
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

Core of atom consists of proton and neutron, contains nearly all mass of atom

21
Q

What are Ions?

A

Charged atoms formed by changing the number of electrons in outer orbit

22
Q

What type of elements form Positive Ions?

A

(Metal) Metal atoms tend to lose electrons to form positive ions

23
Q

What type of elements form Negative Ions?

A

(Non-metal) Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons to form negative ions

24
Q

How are Ionic Compounds formed?

A

Formed when metal atom completely transfers valence e- to non-metal atom

25
Q

How are Covalent/Molecular Compounds formed?

A

Two or more non-metals bonded together with covalent bonds

26
Q

What are the properties of Ionic Compounds?

A

Hard, high melt point, solid at room temp, don’t conduct in solid state, molten state, or solution.

27
Q

What are the properties of Molecular Compounds?

A

Soft, solid/liquid/gas at room temp, don’t conduct in solid or liquid state, low melt point

28
Q

HOFBrINCl

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine

29
Q

What are the types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Single & Double Displacement

30
Q

How do you name an Ionic Compound?

A

Metal stays the same, non-metal ending changes to “ide” eg. Potassium Chloride

31
Q

How do you name Molecular (Covalent) Compounds?

A

non-metal changes to “ide” but also uses prefixes eg. Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Tetrafluoride

32
Q

What is Combustion and what is the formula?

A

The reaction of a substance with oxygen gas, A+O2 -> AO

33
Q

What is Combustion of a hydrocarbon and what’s the formula?

A

The reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O, CxHy+O2 -> CO2+H2O

34
Q

What is Synthesis and what’s the formula?

A

When molecules/atoms combine to form a larger molecule, A+B -> AB

35
Q

What is Decomposition and what’s the formula?

A

When a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules/atoms, AB -> A+B

36
Q

What is the formula for Single Displacement?

A

A+BC -> B+AC

37
Q

What is the formula for Double Displacement?

A

AB+CD -> AD+CB

38
Q

What is Neutralization and what’s the formula?

A

Involves the reaction of an acid with a base to produce a salt and water, HA+BOH -> BA+H2O

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