Chemistry Review Flashcards
What is a Compound?
Pure substance can be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bond (Molecule is smallest part still a compound)
What is an Element?
Pure substance can’t be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains one type of atom. Can be metal/non-metal, made of individual atoms/molecules (Atom is smallest part still an element)
What is Gas?
Gas is when molecules are in constant random motion
Define Heterogeneous
A mixture that has two or more phases
What is a Liquid?
Matter with a definite volume but no definite shape
Define Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an Observation?
The act of gathering specific information
Define Physical
Appearance of a substance
What is a Product
New substance formed through a chemical change
What is Physical Change?
When chemical makeup of substance isn’t changed, no new substance is formed (Dissolving, state change)
What is Chemical Change?
When new substance is made (Rusting, burning)
Define Quantitative
An observation through measurement, a number (melting/boiling point)
Define Qualitative
An observation through senses - smell, hear, feel, see, taste (colour, odour, texture)
What is a Reactant
The starting material in a chemical change
What is a Solid?
Matter with a definite volume and shape with particles closely packed
What is a Solution?
Homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase
What is a Proton?
Subatomic particle with positive charge found in nucleus
What is a Neutron?
Subatomic particle with no charge found in nucleus
What is an Electron?
Subatomic particle with negative charge orbits the nucleus
What is a Nucleus?
Core of atom consists of proton and neutron, contains nearly all mass of atom
What are Ions?
Charged atoms formed by changing the number of electrons in outer orbit
What type of elements form Positive Ions?
(Metal) Metal atoms tend to lose electrons to form positive ions
What type of elements form Negative Ions?
(Non-metal) Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons to form negative ions
How are Ionic Compounds formed?
Formed when metal atom completely transfers valence e- to non-metal atom
How are Covalent/Molecular Compounds formed?
Two or more non-metals bonded together with covalent bonds
What are the properties of Ionic Compounds?
Hard, high melt point, solid at room temp, don’t conduct in solid state, molten state, or solution.
What are the properties of Molecular Compounds?
Soft, solid/liquid/gas at room temp, don’t conduct in solid or liquid state, low melt point
HOFBrINCl
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine
What are the types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Single & Double Displacement
How do you name an Ionic Compound?
Metal stays the same, non-metal ending changes to “ide” eg. Potassium Chloride
How do you name Molecular (Covalent) Compounds?
non-metal changes to “ide” but also uses prefixes eg. Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Tetrafluoride
What is Combustion and what is the formula?
The reaction of a substance with oxygen gas, A+O2 -> AO
What is Combustion of a hydrocarbon and what’s the formula?
The reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O, CxHy+O2 -> CO2+H2O
What is Synthesis and what’s the formula?
When molecules/atoms combine to form a larger molecule, A+B -> AB
What is Decomposition and what’s the formula?
When a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules/atoms, AB -> A+B
What is the formula for Single Displacement?
A+BC -> B+AC
What is the formula for Double Displacement?
AB+CD -> AD+CB
What is Neutralization and what’s the formula?
Involves the reaction of an acid with a base to produce a salt and water, HA+BOH -> BA+H2O
