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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 8: Anxiety disorders > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 8: Anxiety disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety objectives

A
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2
Q

What is anxiety?

A
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3
Q

Normal vs Pathological Anxiety

A
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4
Q

Why is Anxiety important?

A
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5
Q

Helpful vs crippling anxiety

A
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6
Q

DSM 5 Anxiety Disorders

A
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7
Q

Anxiety Disorders: Onset

A

usually, begin in childhood (phobias) or adolescence

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8
Q

Anxiety Disorders: risk factors

4 listed

A
  • more common in females (generally)
  • Rates higher with lower SES and education
  • Genetics - Serotonin transporter gene?
  • Temperament & personality: behavioral inhibition & anxiety sensitivity/resiliency
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9
Q

Anxiety Development

A
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10
Q

Neurobiology of Anxiety

A
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11
Q

Epidemiology of Anxiety

A
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12
Q

Stressor definition

A
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13
Q

Adjustment disorders - anxious, depressed or conduct

A

where it doesn’t meet the criteria of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders or conduct disorders

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14
Q

Trauma definition and types

A
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15
Q

Anxiety Precipitants

6 listed

A
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16
Q

most common anxiety disorder

A

simple phobia

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17
Q

Types of anxiety

3 listed

A
  • generalized worries
  • Panic
  • Obsessional
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18
Q

Anxiety: Common Reactions

8 listed

A
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19
Q

Specific phobia definition

A

Marked fear or anxiety about object/situation

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20
Q

Common specific phobias

7 listed

A
  • flying
  • enclosed spaces
  • heights
  • storms
  • animals
  • injection
  • blood
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21
Q

Specific phobia provokes? and criteria

A
  • immediate anxiety or fear
  • avoid at all costs
  • 6 months or more/happens each time/out of proportion to actual threat
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22
Q

Panic Disorder description

A
  • Recurrent & unexpected panic attacks with 4 of the following symptoms
  • and 1 or both of worrying about more attacks or their consequences AND/OR change in behavior due to attacks
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23
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder description

A
  • excessive worry/anxiety about events/activities for more than 6 months
  • cannot control worry
24
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder criteria

A

worry associated with at least 3:

  • Restlessness/keyed up/on edge
  • Easily fatigued
  • Concentration problems
  • Irritability
  • Muscle tension
  • Sleep disturbance
25
Q

Social Anxiety description

A

Marked fear or anxiety of 1 or more social/performance situations exposed to scrutiny by others

26
Q

Social Anxiety common stressors

A
  • public speaking
  • eating
  • drinking
  • initiating/maintaining conversations
27
Q

Social Anxiety presentation

A
  • Fears humiliation by manifesting anxiety - such as blushing/sweating/shaking
  • Avoid these situations or endured with significant anxiety
  • 6 months or more/happens each time/out of proportion to actual threat
28
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder description

A

presence of obsessions, compulsions or both

29
Q

Obsessions definition

A

recurrent & persistent thoughts/images/urges which are intrusive and cause anxiety or stress

30
Q

Common obsessions

4 listed

A
  • contamination
  • pathological doubt
  • impulses
  • sexual images
31
Q

Compulsions definition

A

repetitive behaviors or mental acts person feels driven to perform and with goal of decreasing anxiety/distress or preventing dreaded event or situation

32
Q

Common compulsions

6 listed

A
  • washing
  • ordering
  • checking
  • praying
  • counting
  • repeating words
33
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder pathology

A

time consuming or causes distress or dysfunction

34
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder description

A
  • typically caused by trauma
  • and intrusion of memories, thoughts, dreams, dissociation, distress, marked physical reactions
  • avoidance
  • negative/flattened alterations in cognition and mood
  • Arousal:” hypervigilance, reckless, irritable, decreased sleep, anger, concentration, increased startle
35
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder criteria

A
  • must last greater than 1 month
  • Intrusion: flashback, thoughts, dreams etc
  • Avoidance
  • Negative/flattened alterations in cognitions and mood
  • Arousal
36
Q

Pharmacology of Anxiety

A

SSRIs

37
Q

SSRIs anxiety treatment considerations

4 listed

A
  • Start LOW, go SLOW, aim HIGH
  • SSRIs cause anxiety transiently at the initiation of treatment
  • Consider Benzo BRIDGE
  • Aim very high in dosage range to treat OCD or Panic Disorder
38
Q

Benzo BRIDGE

A

using benzodiazepines in the initiation phase to ease the frequency and intensity of symptoms and to avoid initial side effects

39
Q

SNRIs in the treatment of Anxiety

A
40
Q

Anxiety SNRI treatment mechanism

A

NE is an important input and output neurotransmitter of the amygdala

41
Q

Excessive NE output from the Amygdala can result in?

4 listed

A
  • Nightmares
  • hyperarousal states
  • flashbacks
  • panic attacks
42
Q

Activity of SNRIs can be decreased by?

A

centrally acting Beta-blockers (propranolol or alpha-blockers (Prazosin)

43
Q

Prazosin use for anxiety

A

nightmares in PTSD

44
Q

SNRIs, TCADs and MAOIs may desensitize

A

Postsynaptic α and β receptors over time

45
Q

GABA anxiety treatment

3 listed

A
  • key neurotransmitter implicated in anxiety disorders
  • reduces amygdala activity
  • Drugs which bind GABA receptor are anxiolytic

(benzodiazepines/alcohol)

46
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy treatment for anxiety

A
  • most evidence-based therapy
  • Focuses on exposure and response prevention
47
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy treatment for anxiety Types

A
  • Flooding (rapid exposure)
  • Systematic desensitization
48
Q

CBT panic disorder

A
49
Q

Question

A

E.

50
Q

Question

A

B. chronic worry

51
Q

Question

A

C.

52
Q

Question

A

C.

53
Q

Question

A

E.

54
Q

Question

A

B.

55
Q

Question

A
56
Q

Question

A
57
Q

Question

A

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