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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 4: Cerebellum > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 4: Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of the motor system

A
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2
Q

3 and the cerebellum

A
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3
Q

Lobes of the Cerebellum

A
  • Anterior Lobe
  • Posterior Lobe
  • Folliculonodular Lobe
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4
Q

Identify Cerebellum

A
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5
Q

Identify Cerebellum

A
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6
Q

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

4 listed

A

DONT EAT GREASY FOOD

Dentate

Interposed

  • Emboliform
  • Globose

Fastigial

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7
Q

The point at which the fourth ventricle passes up into cerebellum is called

A

Apex

or

Fastigium (the fastigial nucleus is near this area)

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8
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the brainstem by

A

3 Peduncles

  • Superior peduncle
  • Middle peduncle
  • Inferior peduncle
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9
Q

Identify and composed of?

A

3 Peduncles

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10
Q

Superior Peduncle is composed primarily of

A

mainly Efferents

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11
Q

Middle Peduncle is composed primarily of

A

Afferents

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12
Q

Inferior Peduncle is composed primarily of

A

Afferents

and

efferents

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13
Q

Dentate axons gives rise to?

A

Superior peduncle

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14
Q

Identify cerebellar parts

A
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15
Q

Cerebellar arteries

A
  • Superior Cerebellar artery
  • Anterior inferior Cerebellar artery
  • Posterior inferior Cerebellar artery
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16
Q

Posterior inferior Cerebellar artery AKA

A

PICA

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17
Q

PICA AKA

A

Posterior inferior Cerebellar artery

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18
Q

PICA originates from

A

Vertebral arteries

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19
Q

Identify arteries

A
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20
Q

AICA AKA

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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21
Q

SCA AKA

A

Superior cerebellar artery

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22
Q

SCA supplies

A

anterior lobe and the superior tip of the posterior lobe also parts of the pons **** check first aid *****

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23
Q

PICA Supplies

A

posterior lobe

inferior cerebellum

**** check first aid *****

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24
Q

AICA originates from

A

Basilar Artery

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25
Q

SCA originates from

A

Basilar artery

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26
Q

AICA Supplies

A

medial anterior and posterior lobes and flocculonodular lobe

parts of the medulla

**** check first aid *****

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27
Q

Cell types of the cerebellar cortex

A

Outermost layer

Molecular layer

Purkinje cell layer

Granular layer

28
Q

The most abundant neurons in the brain

A

Granular layer

29
Q

Topography of Purkinje projections

30
Q

Hemisphere Purkinje projections

A

to Dentate Nucleus

31
Q

Paravermal or medial hemisphere Purkinje projections

A
  • to emboliform and globose

Interposed nucleus

32
Q

Vermis Purkinje projections

A

to fastigial nucleus

33
Q

Fastigial nucleus recieves Purkinje projections from

34
Q

Interposed Nucleus receives Purkinje projections from

A

Paravermal or medial hemisphere

35
Q

Dentate nureceivescieves Purkinje projections from

A

Lateral hemisphere

36
Q

Cerebellar somatotopy

37
Q

vermis and paravermal area AKA

A

Spinocerebellum

38
Q

Lateral hemisphere of cerebellum AKA

A

Cerebrocerebellum

39
Q

Neocerebellum AKA

A

Cerebrocerebellum

40
Q

Flocculus and nodulus AKA

A

Vestibulocerebellum

41
Q

Lateral hemispheres of Posterior lobe of cerebellum functions

3 listed

A
  • multi-joint movement of the limbs
  • involved in learning and storage of sequential components of skilled movements (learning to play violin)
  • Activity in this region and the dentate precedes activity in the motor cortex that commands a movement
42
Q

Corticalpontine tracts

A

Primary cortices → pons to synapse on pontine nuclei → decussate and form middle cerebellar peduncle and synapse on cerebellar cortex in the granular cells → purkinje cells project out to dentate → axons from purkinje form superior cerebellar peduncle as the dentacticlethalmic fibers and decussate in the midbrain to the thalamus → to the left motor cortex

so overall decussates 2x and ends ipsilateral to origin

43
Q

Lateral cerebellar lesions cause

A

ipsilateral alterations in targets

Ataxia

44
Q

Lesions here: name area and effect

A

Lateral hemispheres of cerebellum or pontocerebellum

  • Dysmetria
  • dysdiadochokinesia
  • Movement decomposition
  • Action or intention tremor
  • Dysarthria
  • Cognitive alterations (inattention, memory alterations)
45
Q

Common causes of Lateral Hemisphere Damage

4 listed

A
  • Infarction (PICA or SCA)
  • Hemorrhage
  • Tumor
  • Multiple Sclerosis
46
Q

Anterior lobe function

A
  • maintains coordination of limb movements while these are executes
  • strongly connected with the spinal cord
47
Q

Spinocerebellar pathway

A

Start in lumbosacral spinal cord ascending via dorsal columns in gracilis tract or cuneatus tract to nucleus dorsalis of Clarke (dorsal nucleus) ascend as dorsal spinocerebellar tract in posterolateral spinal cord and synapse in the accessory cuneate nucleus or gracilis nucleus and form the inferior peduncle and synapse in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in the vermis or paravermis to purkinje cells of vermis or paravermis to the fastigial nucleus and project out via fastigiabulbar fibers via the inferior peduncle and make synapse with vestibular nuclei and connect with medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts and regulate muscles for stability and equilibrium

  • the most paravermal will project to the interposed and out through the superior peduncle to red nucleus to the rubrospinal tracts
48
Q

Anterior cerebellar lobe damage common causes

A
  • Alcoholism/thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
  • Spinocerebellar tract demyelination in Vitamin B12 deficiency
49
Q

Anterior cerebellar lobe damage Symptoms

A
  • Gait ataxia
  • lower limb ataxia
  • some truncal ataxia
50
Q

Hereditary Ataxias affect spinocerebellar loop

A
  • Friedreich ataxia
  • spinocerebellar ataxias
  • ataxia telangectesia
51
Q

Friedreich Ataxia Etiology

A

Trinucleotide repeat on chromosome 9

52
Q

Flocculonodular lobe function

A

coordination of muscles associated with equilibrium and eye movements

53
Q

flocculonodular lobe circuitry Vestibulocerebellar tract???

A

start in vestibular apparatus → vestibular ganglion → cranial nerve 8 → flocul

54
Q

Vermal and paravermal damage common causes

A

4th ventricle tumor

MS

Cerebral palsy

Joubert Syndrome

55
Q

Vermal and paravermal damage Symptoms

A
  • Truncal ataxia (titubation)
  • Nystagmus
  • Oculomotor disturbances
  • Balance alterations
56
Q

medulloblastomas commonly seen in?

57
Q

medulloblastomas origin

A

originates in granular cells of the cerebellum and projects into the 4th ventricle

58
Q

medulloblastomas Symptoms

A

reeling of trunk (truncal ataxia) stands on wide base

symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure (NV, Headache, papilledema)

59
Q

Normal function of cerebellum

A
  • planning movement
  • motor coordination
  • muscle tone maintenance
  • control eye movements
  • cognitive computation
60
Q

Altered function of the cerebellum: planning movement

A

movement decomposition (asynergia) - initiation delay

61
Q

Altered function of the cerebellum: Motor coordination

A

incoordination (terminal dysmetria, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria)

62
Q

Altered function of the cerebellum: Muscle tone maintenance

A

hypotonia, pendular relfexes

63
Q

Altered function of the cerebellum: Control of eye movements and equilibrium

A
  • Nystagmus
  • defective saccadic and eye pursuit movements
  • vertigo
64
Q

Altered function of the cerebellum: Cognitive computation

A

Planning, attention, working memory and visual-spatial deficits, blunting of affect disinhibited behavior; dysmetria of thought and emotion

66
Q

normal and altered cerebellar functions

Neuroscience (96 decks)

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