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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 5: Cholinergic Pharmacology II > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 5: Cholinergic Pharmacology II Flashcards

1
Q

preganglionic neurotransmitter for sympathetics and parasympathetics

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

postganglionic receptor for sympathetics and parasympathetics

A

Acetylcholine Nicotinic receptors

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3
Q

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors mechanism

A

Ligand-gated ion channel - opens allowing Na+ and sometimes some Ca2+ leading to depolarization and activation

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4
Q

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Action

A
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5
Q

Receptors that mediate reflexes

A
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6
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

A
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7
Q

Location of nicotinic receptors

A
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8
Q

Nicotine Effects in the ANS, skeletal muscle, CNS

A
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9
Q

Nicotine Effects in the Skeletal NMJ

A
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10
Q

Nicotine Effects in the CNS

A
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11
Q

Some nicotine delivery systems

A
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12
Q

Overdose of nicotine

A
  • Induce vomiting - gastric lavage
  • Respiratory assistance for diaphragm failure
  • Treatment of shock
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13
Q

Where will nicotinic antagnoists work and not work?

A

Works in the:

  • brain
  • sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
  • NMJ

Doesn’t work at:

  • muscarinic receptors
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14
Q

Hexamethonium Pharmacological Properties

A
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15
Q

What effects of a ganglionic blockade, on a resting patient in the exam room?

A
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16
Q

Hexamethonium Therapeutic uses

A
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17
Q

Hexamethonium Still used

A
  • largely replaced by selective adrenergic receptor agents
  • some specific uses in CV regulation
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18
Q

Nicotinic Antagonists

A
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19
Q

d-tubocurarine

A
20
Q

Succinylcholine

A

depolarizing blocker persistently activating and causes desensitization block

21
Q

Succinylcholine metabolizism

A

Rapid termination by Butyrylcholinesterase in plasma and liver once infusion is terminated

22
Q

BOTOX uses and mechanism

A

persistent inhibition: blocks release of acetylcholine from neurons indirectly

23
Q

Acetylcholinesterases density

A

high density at ganglionic

and

lower density at target organs

24
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Reaction

A

Very fast reaction

25
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Classes

3 listed

A
  • Quarternary Alcohols
  • Carbamide Esters
  • Organophosphates
26
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: quarternary alcohols

A

Edrophonium

27
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Carbamate Esters

A
  • Neostigmine
  • Physostigmine
  • Pyriodstigmine
28
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Organophosphates

A
  • Malathion
  • Parathion
  • Echothiophate
29
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors length of inhibition

  • Quarternary alcohols
  • Carbamate Esters
  • Organophosphates
A
30
Q

Organophosphate inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase

A
31
Q

Organophosphate inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Regeneration by _______________

A

Pralidoxime

32
Q

Organophosphate circumvention

A

Pralidoxime

33
Q

Therapeutic uses of Acetylcholinesterase Agents

A
34
Q

Caveat of Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis

A

Differentiate between myasthenic weakness and cholinergic crisis

35
Q

Myasthenia Gravis: Cholinergic Crisis or Myasthenia Gravis

A
36
Q

Question 1

A

C.

37
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Treatment

A
38
Q

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Toxicity possible exposure sources and properties

3 listed

A
39
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors effect on organ systems (low exposure)

A
40
Q

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors effect on organ systems (high exposure)

A

muscarinics keep increasing but nicotinic effects flip

41
Q

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicity

A
42
Q

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicity: Pyridostigmine

A
43
Q

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicity: Heroic doses of atropine

A
44
Q

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicity: Pralidoxime

A
45
Q

Prophylaxis and Treatment of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicity: Artificial respiration and anticonvulsants

A
46
Q

Summary

A

Neuroscience (96 decks)

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