Neuroscience Week 2: Topography and Functional Levels of CNS Flashcards
Major Divisions of the nervous system
CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic NS, Enteric NS
Identify
Where are the lateral ventricles in developing brain
Telencephalon
Telencephalon becomes
Cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral cortex
Subcortical white matter
Basal ganglia
Basal forebrain nuclei
Prosencephalon AKA
Forebrain
Prosencephalon parts
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Diencephalon becomes
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Mesencephalon AKA
Midbrain
Mesencephalon becomes
Cerebral peduncles
Midbrain tectum
Midbrain tegmentum
Rhombencephalon parts
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Metencephalon becomes
Pons
Cerebellum
Myelencephalon becomes
Medulla
Identify
Identify
3rd ventricle arises from _________ in developing brain
Diencephalon
Cerebral aqueduct arises from ___________ in developing brain
Mesencephalon
Cerebral aqueduct allows CSF to flow from? to?
3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle
Fourth Ventricle arises from ____________ in developing brain.
Rhombencephalon
Identify
CN I is associated with
cerebral cortex not the brain stem
Optic nerve is associated with
the thalamus, not the brainstem
Oculomotor nerve is associated with
Midbrain
Abducens nerve is associated with
Pons and medulla
Nerves associated with the midbrain
Oculomotor nerve
emerge from interpeduncular fossa
Only nerve that arises from the dorsal surface of the midbrain
Trochlear nerve
wrap around cerebral peduncles and travel with the oculomotor nerve up to the muscles of the eye
Cranial nerves associated with pons
Trigeminal nerve
emerges from the pons
Nerves associated with the pons and medulla
abducens nerve
facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
Identify
Emerge from the post olivary sulcus
CN IX, X, XI
Identify
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
Sympathetic division Sympathetic Ganglia
Thoracic and Lumbar sections of the spinal cord
Parasympathetic Division Parasympathetic ganglia
cranial nerves and sacral nerves (CN III, VII, IX, X)
Cranialsacral (bladder, etc)
Cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic information
Oculomotor
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Know all this
Question 1
Hypothalamus
2 major structures that make up the diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Cerebral cortex part of developing brain
Telencephalon
Pons part of developing brain
Metencephalon
Basal Ganglia part of developing brain
Telencephalon
Cerebellum part of developing brain
Metencephalon
Question 2
Trochlear Nerve
the other would be oculomotor nerve
Question 3
All of these
Planes of the CNS
Anatomical planes of the CNS
Radiological orientation
Cerebral cortex functional aspects
- thought
- awareness
- perception
- language
- consciousness
Lobes of the cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Identify
Insular cortex Function
some sensory stuff gustatory
“Taste”
Gustatory definition
concerned with tasting or the sense of taste.
Identify
Longitudinal fissure function
separates 2 lobes
Pre and postcentral gyrus
Precentral Gyrus is?
Motor cortex
Post Central Gyrus is?
Sensory Cortex
Motor Cortex motor orientation
Right side of brain controls left side of body
Homunculus meaning
little man
Question 4
Loss of sensation of the right side
Identify
If lesion in the left primary auditory cortex
wont have loss of hearing because the vestibulocochlear nerve is bilaterally crossed
only loss of hearing would be lesions of cochlea, nerves, or brainstem nuclei but past this everything is bilateral
Primary visual cortex and visual fields
left visual field, right visual cortex
Right visual field, left visual cortex
cortex associated with olfaction
Perirhinal cortex
Primary cortex for taste sensation
insular cortex
Brodmann’s areas
Language areas of the brain
Broca’s Area
Wernicke’s Area
typically found in the left cerebral cortex
Broca’s Area Brodmann’s Area #
Area 44, 45
Wernicke’s Area Brodmann’s Area #
Area 22
Typically considered the dominant hemisphere for language
Left hemisphere
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Receptive/sensory aphasia
Deficits in language comprehension
speaks in word salad and not make sense
Broca’s Aphasia
Expressive/Motor aphasia
Deficits in production of language but comprehension intact
Question 5
A
Identify
Identify
CSF is produced by?
Choroid plexus
CSF Production rate
25mL/hr
500mLs per day
Which ventricles have choroid plexus
All of them
Obstruction of flow in ventricles
since CSF is produced at a constant rate, any obstruction can cause increase in pressure and result in hydrocephalus
Identify
Cerebral aqueduct
Question 6
Aqueduct because lateral and 3rd ventricles are enlarged but the others are not
Thalamus properties
forms wall of third ventricle
all sensory modalities synapses and relays in the thalamus except for olfactory
Non sensory modalities also relay on the way to the cortex including; (basal ganglia, cerebellum, limbic pathways, and brainstem reticular formation
Reciprocal connections
Identify
Identify ventricles
lateral and 3rd ventricles
What forms the anterior-inferior wall of the 3rd ventricle
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus function
Identify
Caudate and putamen are often referred to as?
Striatum
Putamen and globus pallidus are also known as?
lenticular nuclei
Basal ganglia is involved in
movement processing, damage can cause movement disorders but not really paralysis
fibers of the internal capsule separate
thalamus from globus paladus and putamen
also
putamen and globus paladus from the caudate
How does CSF flow
lateral ventricles into the 3rd ventricle via foramina of monroe then from 3rd to 4th through cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle can go to central canal of spinal cord but in most adults is closed, however, can leave foramen Magendie and foramen of Lushka
Caudate
Identify
Question 7
Hippocampus
Identify
Summary
Blood supply to the brain
Anterior circulation (internal carotid)
Posterior circulation (vertebral artery)
Identify
Question 8
Identify
Blood supply to Cerebellum
3 cerebellar arteries
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
anterior inferior artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Identify
Identify
Summary & Objectives
