Neuroscience Week 3: Herniation Syndromes

Question 1

Cingulate Herniation under Falx Cerebri AKA

Answer 1

Subfalcine herniation

Question 2

Cingulate Herniation under Falx Cerebri can

Answer 2

compress anterior cerebral artery

Question 3

Subfalcine Herniation Description

Answer 3

the most common cerebral herniation pattern, is characterized by displacement of the brain (typically the cingulate gyrus) beneath the free edge of the falx cerebri due to raised intracranial pressure.

Question 4

Transtentorial Herniation Description

Answer 4

Caudal displacement of brain stem → rupture of paramedian basilar artery branches → Duret hemorrhages

Is usually fatal

Question 5

Most common subtype of Transtentorial Herniation

Answer 5

Uncal herniation

Question 6

Uncal Herniation Description

Answer 6

the most common subtype of Transtentorial Herniation in the innermost part of the temporal lobe, the uncus, can be squeezed so much that it moves towards the tentorium and puts pressure on the brainstem, most notably the midbrain.

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Herniation compresses ipsilateral CN III and contralateral crus cerebri against Kemohan notch (causes contralateral CN III palsy and/or ipsilateral hemiparesis, a false localizing sign)

Question 7

Cerebelllar tonsillar herniation into the foramen magnum

Answer 7

Coma and death result when these herniations compress the brain stem